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Rwanda Genocide

Rwanda Genocide . Do Now: What do you think? . The problems of Africa should NOT concern Americans The United States should take an active role in helping the people of Africa. The United States should intervene if acts of Genocide are happening in Africa . A Continent of Potential .

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Rwanda Genocide

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  1. Rwanda Genocide

  2. Do Now: What do you think? • The problems of Africa should NOT concern Americans • The United States should take an active role in helping the people of Africa. • The United States should intervene if acts of Genocide are happening in Africa

  3. A Continent of Potential • 1 Billion people • 50% of the world’s gold • 90% of the world’s platinum • 70% of the world’s diamonds • 90% of the world’s cocoa • Enough fertile land to feed everyone

  4. A continent of Problems • Borders • Colonialism • Ethnic and Religious Hatred • Tribes • Ineffective/No governments • Cycles of democracy and dictatorships

  5. Find Rwanda

  6. Rwanda • Average income: $535 • Life Expectancy: 46 years • Major Tribes • Hutu 84% • Tutsi 15%

  7. A brief history of Hutus and tutsis • The Tutsis, a tall warrior people, began arriving in the region, from Ethiopia in the 1500’s and settled among the Native Hutus • Hutus are an agricultural people. They agreed to raise crops for the Tutsi • They intermarried and mingled, differences began to disappear • Economic Differences • Tutsis as cattle owners were often in a position to dominate the Hutu (cow = wealth) • Minority Tutsis ruled majority Hutus • Colonialism and Racism • The Belgians ruled Rwanda after WWI. They saw the Tutsi as superior because they were taller and lighter skinned • They forced both to carry ethnic ID cards. Only Tutsis could get higher education and hold positions of power

  8. Before the Genocide • Rwanda declared independence in 1962 • Since independence, fighting between Hutus and Tutsis has existed, leading to the massacre of ½ million people • 1972 Burundi Massacre • 100,000 Hutus killed by Tutsi • Burundi also 85% Hutu and 15% Tutsi • 1990 – 1993 Rwandan Civil war • Hutu vs. Tutsi • 2,500 UN peace keepers overseeing a cease-fire agreement • Troops will still be there during the Genocide

  9. The Genocide Begins • April 6, 1994 – Plane carrying Juvenal Habyarimana, was shot down (He was a Hutu) • Bands of Hutus with machetes killed almost a million Tutsi in the next 90 days

  10. Hutu 10 Commandments • 1. Every Hutu should know that a Tutsi woman, whoever she is, works for the interest of her Tutsi ethnic group. As a result, we shall consider a traitor any Hutu who • marries a Tutsi woman • befriends a Tutsi woman • employs a Tutsi woman as a secretary or a concubine. • 2. Every Hutu should know that our Hutu daughters are more suitable and conscientious in their role as woman, wife and mother of the family. Are they not beautiful, good secretaries and more honest? • 3. Hutu women, be vigilant and try to bring your husbands, brothers and sons back to reason. • 4. Every Hutu should know that every Tutsi is dishonest in business. His only aim is the supremacy of his ethnic group. As a result, any Hutu who does the following is a traitor: • makes a partnership with Tutsi in business • invests his money or the government's money in a Tutsi enterprise • lends or borrows money from a Tutsi • gives favours to Tutsi in business (obtaining import licenses, bank loans, construction sites, public markets, etc.).

  11. Hutu 10 Commandments • 5. All strategic positions, political, administrative, economic, military and security should be entrusted only to Hutu. • 6. The education sector (school pupils, students, teachers) must be majority Hutu. • 7. The Rwandan Armed Forces should be exclusively Hutu. The experience of the October 1990 war has taught us a lesson. No member of the military shall marry a Tutsi. • 8. The Hutu should stop having mercy on the Tutsi. • 9. The Hutu, wherever they are, must have unity and solidarity and be concerned with the fate of their Hutu brothers. • The Hutu inside and outside Rwanda must constantly look for friends and allies for the Hutu cause, starting with their Hutu brothers. • They must constantly counteract Tutsi propaganda. • The Hutu must be firm and vigilant against their common Tutsi enemy. • 10. The Social Revolution of 1959, the Referendum of 1961, and the Hutu Ideology, must be taught to every Hutu at every level. Every Hutu must spread this ideology widely. Any Hutu who persecutes his brother Hutu for having read, spread, and taught this ideology is a traitor.

  12. Lieutenant – General Romeo Dallaire • Commander of the UN Peace Keeping Force during the Genocide • Wanted more troops added to his 3,000 man force • Following the deaths of 10 Belgian Peacekeepers his forces were cut down from 3,000 men to 500 men

  13. No one helped • The United States did not help because of Somalia and American attitude forward Africa • The United Nations Security Council has accepted responsibility for failing to prevent the genocide in Rwanda

  14. End of the Genocide • Tutsi rebels called the Rwandan Patriot Front (RPF) led by now president Paul Kagame, without international help, put an end to the massacre by overthrowing Hutu forces

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