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Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical Nomenclature. Writing names from formulas and formulas from names. Chemical Nomenclature Name to Formula. Determine the Type of Compound. 3 Types of Compounds Ionic Covalent Acids. Types of compounds. Identifying Ionic Compounds Name to formula.

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Chemical Nomenclature

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  1. Chemical Nomenclature Writing names from formulas and formulas from names

  2. Chemical NomenclatureName to Formula

  3. Determine the Type of Compound • 3 Types of Compounds • Ionic • Covalent • Acids

  4. Types of compounds

  5. Identifying Ionic CompoundsName to formula • Contain a metal or a polyatomic ion • Identifying metals • Use name to find symbol, find on periodic table (left and below stairstep) • Identifying polyatomic ions • KNOW IONS • End in ---ate or ---ite with few exceptions • Cyanide CN- • Hydroxide OH- • Peroxide O22- • Ammonium NH4+

  6. All of the following are ionic • strontium sulfide • Stronium (Sr) is a metal • cobalt (II) arsenide • Cobalt (Co) is a metal • cesium phosphate • Cesium (Cs) is a metal and phosphate is a polyatomic ion • ammonium sulfate • Ammonium and sulfate are polyatomic ions

  7. Types of compounds

  8. Identifying Covalent Compounds Covalent compounds are made from two nonmetals Name to formula • Determine symbols from names • Check on the periodic table • (Nonmetals are to the right and above the stairstep line)

  9. All of the following are covalent • carbon disulfide: carbon(C) and sulfur (S) are nonmetals • sulfur hexafluoride: sulfur (S) and fluorine(F) are nonmetals • dinitrogen pentoxide: nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) are nonmetals

  10. Types of compounds

  11. Identifying Acids • Name to Formula • Acids have the word “acid” in the name • All of the Following are Acids • hydrochloric acid • sulfuric acid • nitric acid

  12. Identifying Compound Type from Name • For each of the following, determine if it is ionic, an acid, or covalent: • A. ammonium sulfide • B. cesium chloride • C. nitrogen triiodide • D. telluric acid Answers

  13. Types of compounds

  14. Determining Formulas of Ionic Compounds 4 types of ions • Representative metal ions • Transition and post transitional metal ions • All others • Monatomic nonmetal ions • Polyatomic ions

  15. Chemical NomenclatureIonic Compounds • back to 31

  16. Representative Metal Ions • Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag • Charge = group number • Name = element name • Barium ion: Ba, Ba is in group IIA, so charge is +2 Ba2+ • Aluminum ion: Al, Al is in group IIIA, so charge is +3 Al3+ • Zinc ion: Zn, Zn is in group IIB, so charge is +2 Zn2+

  17. Find the charges of the following ions • calcium ion • cadmium ion • potassium ion • gallium ion • Answers

  18. Chemical NomenclatureIonic Compounds

  19. Transition metal ions • All other metals • (includes post-transitional metals…IVA, VA, VIA) • Form >1 ion • Name is metal name (charge) • Charge is in Roman numerals

  20. Transition metal Ions Ion Name: Symbol and Charge iron(II) Fe2+ tin(IV) Sn4+ tin(II) Sn2+ chromium(VI) Cr6+

  21. Chemical NomenclatureIonic Compounds

  22. Nonmetal Ions • Monatomic • Charge = group # - 8 Ion name Group #ChargeSymbol oxide 6 (6 - 8) = -2 O2- phosphide 5 (5 - 8) = -3 P3- iodide 7 (7 - 8) = -1 I-

  23. Determine the charges on the following ions • Sulfide • Nitride • Chloride • Carbide Answers

  24. Chemical NomenclatureIonic Compounds

  25. Memorize These Polyatomic Ions Chemistry 152 List of Polyatomic Ions to be Memorized Name Ion Name Ion phosphate PO43- carbonate CO32- hydrogen phosphate HPO42- hydrogen carbonate HCO3- dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4- nitrate NO3- permanganate MnO4- nitrite NO2- dichromate Cr2O72- acetate C2H3O2- chromate CrO42- oxalate C2O42- perchlorate ClO4- borate BO33- chlorate ClO3- hydroxide OH- chlorite ClO2- cyanide CN- hypochlorite ClO- thiocyanate SCN- periodate IO4- peroxide O22- iodate IO3- ammonium NH4+ iodite IO2- mercury(I) Hg22+ hypoiodite IO- arsenate AsO43- sulfate SO42- sulfite SO32- hydrogen sulfate HSO4- thiosulfate S2O32-

  26. Putting Ions Together • Charges have to cancel • Multiply ions by some “multiplier” to bring charges to least common multiple (LCM) • multiplier becomes subscript

  27. Determine the formula for a compound made from Fe 3+ and SO4 2- IonMultiplierLCM Fe3+ X 2 = 6 SO42- X 3 = -6 0 Sum of the charges is zero The multipliers become the subscripts and the formula is: Fe2(SO4)3

  28. Determine the formulas of the following ionic compounds • potassium sulfide • calcium phosphate • lead (IV) chloride • ammonium nitrate

  29. Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names potassium sulfide: symbols: K, S charges: K: group 1 metal ==> K+ S: group VI nonmetal ==> s2- putting together K+ X 2 = 2 S2- X 1 = -2 formula = K2S calcium phosphate: symbols: Ca, PO43- charges: Ca: group II metal ==> Ca2+ PO43- : polyatomic ion ==> PO43- putting together Ca 2+ X 3 = 6 PO43- X 2 = -6 formula = Ca3(PO4)2

  30. Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names lead(IV)chloride: symbols: Pb, Cl charges: Pb: post - transition metal name says charge is 4 ==> Pb4+ Cl: nonmetal in group VII ==> Cl- putting together Pb4+ X 1 = 4 Cl- X 4 = -4 formula = PbCl4 ammonium nitrate: symbols: both polyatomic ions so elements and charges ammonium = NH4+ nitrate = NO3- putting together NH4+ X 1 = 1 NO3- X 1 = -1 formula = NH4NO3

  31. Determine the formulas for the following ionic compounds • sodium oxide • barium hydroxide • cobalt (II) iodide • ammonium sulfate • Name to Formula Chart • answers

  32. Types of compounds

  33. Covalent Compounds • Binary Compounds between 2 nonmetals • NO CHARGES • All bonds are covalent • Difficult to predict how will combine • Name tells formula • Prefix first element prefix second-ide • Prefixes are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta etc

  34. Covalent CompoundsExamples carbon disulfide CS2 sulfur hexafluoride SF6 dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5

  35. Determine the formulas of the following covalent compounds • carbon tetrabromide • sulfur difluoride • dichlorine heptoxide • Answers

  36. Types of compounds

  37. Acid Nomenclature

  38. Two Types of Acids • Binary • Only two elements • HX • Name is hydro x ic acid • Example: hydrochloric acid = HCl(aq) • Oxyacids • Nonbinary • Contain a polyatomic ion • H-polyatomic (with appropriate subscripts)

  39. Determine if the following acids are binary or oxyacids • Hydrobromic acid • Iodic acid • Nitrous acid • Hydroiodic acid • Phosphoric acid • answers

  40. Formulas of Binary acids • An acid is like an ionic compound where the metal is H • H has a +1 charge • Determine the formulas of the following binary acids • Hydroiodic acid • Hydrobromic acid • Hydrosulfuric acid • answers

  41. Acid Nomenclature

  42. Oxyacids (nonbinary) • H__polyatomic ion • Number of H on acid will be the same as the charge on the ion IonAcid ClO3- HClO3(aq) SO42- H2SO4(aq) PO43- H3PO4(aq)

  43. Acid name related to name of polyatomic ion • If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid • If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid chlorate = ClO3- , HClO3 (aq) = chloric acid chlorite = ClO2- , HClO2(aq) = chlorous acid

  44. Write the formulas of the following acids • iodic acid • carbonic acid • phosphorous acid • answers

  45. Determine the formulas of the following • magnesium nitride • iron (III) acetate • sulfur dioxide • hydrofluoric acid • nitrous acid • Answers

  46. Chemical NomenclatureFormula to Name

  47. Determine the Type of Compound • 3 Types of Compounds • Ionic • Covalent • Acids

  48. Types of compounds

  49. Identifying Ionic Compounds, Formula to Name • Contain a metal or polyatomic ion • Identifying metals • Look for symbol of metal • Identifying polyatomic ions • KNOW IONS • All contain > 1 atom • Compounds containing polyatomic ions will have at least three elements

  50. All of the following are ionic • FeCl3: Fe is a metal • NaBr: Na is a metal • Cr(NO3)3: Cr is a metal and NO3 is a polyatomic ion • MgCO3: Mg is a metal and CO3 is a polyatomic ion • Ni(C2H3O2)2: Ni is a metal and C2H3O2 is a polyatomic ion • NH4I : NH4 is a polyatomic ion

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