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Road Map . Introduction Historical development of patient rights movementsPatient Bill of rights
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1. Patient Rights In Islam Dina Baroudi, MD. PhD. CPHQ Abdallah Eddaal ,MD. M.S. Basharahil Hospital, Makkah, KSA
2. Road Map Introduction
Historical development of patient rights movements
Patient Bill of rights “Internationally “
Why patient right in Islam?
Conclusion
3. Introduction Patient rights have recently became the center of attention in the practice of medicine.
Highlights the Islamic point of view on patient rights.
Highlights on the link among Patient Rights and cultural and environmental issues in Islamic Countries.
4. What Are Patient Rights? Definition
Patient rights encompass legal and ethical issues in the provider-patient relationship.
Purpose
The purpose of delineating patient rights is:
To ensure the ethical treatment of persons receiving medical or other professional health care services,
Without exception,
All persons in all settings are entitled to receive ethical treatment.
5. Historical background
6. The key areas of the Patient's Bill of Rights Information
Choice
Access
Decisions
Respect & non-discrimination
Confidentiality (Privacy)
Complaints & Appeals
7. Historical development of patient rights
8. Focusing on Patient Rights in Islamic Countries
9. Consideration Ethics is culturally defined.
Culture and tradition often outline medical ethics in the context where it should be applied.
The international guidelines acknowledge that the application of ethical standards needs to account for cultural values and traditions.
International guidelines are guidelines:
they have no power on national conduct, which may be their primary weakness.
10. Consideration It is not always advisable to rely on International Guidelines when medical practitioners are facing critical ethical situations that may specifically relate to local beliefs.
National guidelines can be beneficial to health care practitioners as these guidelines have the requisite power and authorization.
11. Basharahil Hospital Overview
12. Family values The family and tribe are the basis of the social structure.
Muslims are cognizant of their heritage, their clan, and their extended family, as well as their nuclear family.
The responsibilities to their family are taken seriously.
Families tend to be large and the extended family is quite close.
The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family.
13. Islamic religious ethics: Basic concepts Recognizes rights of individuals, but emphasizes human obligations to establish social justice.
Those more privileged in life have greater responsibilities towards the less fortunate.
Asks the question – “Is the acting agent/physician a moral person?”
14. Islam rights & duties Rights of Allah
Rights of the Prophet, Muhammad
Rights of parents
Rights towards Human
Rights of patients Duty toward Allah
Duty toward the Prophet, Muhammad
Duty toward parents
Duty towards Human
Duty toward patients Rights Duties
15. Concept of health in islam
16. Islamic “Shariah” Goals Protection & Preservation Some of the rules of Islamic medical ethics are
Necessity overrides prohibition
certain items which are prohibited,
under dire necessity they can become permissible.
Accept the lesser of the two harms if both can not be avoided.
Public interest overrides the individual interest.
Harm has to be removed at every cost if possible.
17. Muslim Understanding with correlation to Medicine
18. Muslim patient understanding: Correlation to medicine Definition of medical profession
"THERAPEUSIS" is a noble profession God honored it by making it the miracle of Jesus son of Mary. Abraham enumerating his Lord's gifts upon him included "and if I fall ill He cures me".
God's mercy is as accessible to all people including good and evil.
The preservation of man's life should embrace also the utmost regard to his dignity, feelings, tenderness and the privacy of his sentiments and body parts.
19. Muslim patient understanding: Correlation to medicine Character of the physician
The physician should be endowed with wisdom and graceful admonition. He should be cheering not dispiriting, smiling and not frowning, loving and not hateful, tolerant and not edgy.
An instrument of God's justice, forgiveness and not punishment, coverage and not exposure.
The pursuit of knowledge by Physician
according to the Quranic guidance And say.
“My Lord.. advance me in knowledge "and : "Among His worshippers the learned fear Him most"
20. Muslim patient understanding: Correlation to medicine
21. Muslim patient understanding: Correlation to medicine Definition of death
Muslim Believes that we consist of:
Physical body
Mind or intellect: Call it ‘Self’, ‘NAFS’, “I am”, “I-am-ness”. The Quran also calls it FOUAAD.
The physical body is mortal, it dies with death. 'Self' is immortal and it survives physical death of the body.
As soon as our vital body functions stop working, we are dead.
17:36 And you shall not accept any data of information blindly of which you have not attained direct knowledge
22. Life and Death is in Allah's Hands
23. Muslim patient understanding: Correlation to medicine Believing of Illness and suffering
Illness and suffering are a part of the way God made the world.
Muslims generally do not see illness as divine punishment.
God may, however, cause illness as a test, a way of realigning a person with God’s purposes, or a means of cleansing away sins.
24. Muslim patient understanding: Correlation to medicine Visiting the Sick
A basic duty.
Not reserved only for close friends and family. Consequently, the Muslim patient will often have many visitors.
It is Islamic etiquette to visit a sick Muslim,
Abu Musa reported that the Prophet peace be upon him, said: "Feed the hungry, visit the sick, and free the captives.
25. Muslim patient understanding: Correlation to medicine Seeking Medical Treatment
Muslim should seek medical treatment, because Allah, the Exalted, has let no disease exist without providing for its cure, except for one ailment, namely, AGING.“
The heritage of Islamic medical history and the prominence of Muslim medical researchers today indicate a generally pro-medical science attitude among most Muslims.
26. Islamic Code of Medical Ethics
27. Islamic Medical Ethics The two main principles of Islamic Medicine are:
Emphasis of Holiness of human life which derives from Quran 5:32
“Whosoever saves a human life, saves the life of the whole mankind”, ? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
Emphasis on seeking a cure which derives from saying of Prophet Mohammad (pbuh),
“Seek cure as God has created no disease without creating a cure for it except for old age”
28. Physician patient relationship Physician is for the sake of the patient and not the other way round.
Patient Health is the goal and medical care is the means.
The "patient" is master and the "Doctor" is at his service.
29. Physician patient relationship
30. Physician –Physician relationship A doctor is a brother to every doctor and a fellow companion in the noblest mission that is a direct answer to God's commandment in the Quran:
"And help one another in charity and piety but help not one another in sin and rancour".
Doctor's are collectively responsible for drawing plans.
Doctor should respect his fellow Doctor in his absence.
The mutual relation between Physicians is additive and not competitive and collaboration in good faith for the best interests of the patient.
31. Professional Secrecy Keeping other persons' secrets is described on all the Faithful ...
The more so if these were Doctors, for people willfully disclose their secrets and feelings to their doctors, confident of the time old heritage of Professional Secrecy, that the medical profession embraced since the dawn of history.
The Prophet (peace be upon Him) described the three signs of the hypocrite as: “
He lies when he speaks,
he breaks his promise and,
he betrays when confided in"
32. Child abuse, disciplining, & autonomy
33. Child abuse, disciplining, & autonomy
34. Saving of lives
35. Differences & Overlaps
36. Conclusion A minimum level of cultural awareness is a necessary prerequisite for the delivery of care that is culturally sensitive.
Once equipped with such understanding it is possible to move beyond the “recipe book” approach to dealing with minority traditions, offering the opportunity for experiential learning.
It is easy to preserve the rights of patient in Islamic country as this is culturally embedded and understood
Health care worker (non Muslim) shall consider the understanding of the sensitivity of such issues.
37. Conclusion Islam clearly and profoundly focused on the Patient dignity more than only on rights.
Whereas “ RIGHTS “ more legally correlated ( Law)
Wile dignity cover physically and spiritually issues
38. “The believers whose faith is most perfect are those who have the best character.” Hadith of the Prophet
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