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Overview of Civil and Criminal Law, Legal Procedures, and Supreme Court Structure

This document provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts in Civil and Criminal Law, highlighting the roles of participants such as plaintiffs, defendants, and prosecutors, as well as discussions on legal outcomes, damages, injunctions, and the processes involved in trials. It explores essential elements of federal and state jurisdictions, including original and appellate jurisdictions, criminal legal procedures, due process, and the functioning of the judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court's structure, its justices, and landmark decisions affecting the U.S. legal system.

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Overview of Civil and Criminal Law, Legal Procedures, and Supreme Court Structure

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Judiciary Unit 6 Chapters 19, 20

  2. Law Civil Law Criminal Law • Participants • Plaintiff • Defendant • Outcome • Damages • Injunction • Writ of Mandamus • Participants • Prosecutor • Defendant • Outcome • Criminal Penalty

  3. Law • Constitutional Law • Constitutionality of Law or Procedure • May be Civil or Criminal • Legal Jurisdictions • State • Federal

  4. Types of Jurisdiction • Original Jurisdiction • Trial Court • Appellate Jurisdiction • Appeal Cases • Concurrent Jurisdiction

  5. Criminal Legal Procedure • Investigation • Due Process • Indictment • Grand Jury • Trial • Bench Trial • Jury Trial • Petit Jury • Sentencing • Appeals? • Aggrieved party • Violations of Due Process • Juries • Voir Dire

  6. American Legal Principals • Due Process • Substantive • Procedural • Equal Justice Under Law • Adversarial System • Presumption of Innocence

  7. Federal Court Structure

  8. The Courts • District Courts • Appeals Courts • Panels of Judges, large jurisdictions • Customs Courts • Legislative Courts • Claims Court • Tax Court • Military Appeals • Territorial Courts • DC Court • Veterans Courts • Supreme Court

  9. The Supreme Court • 9 Justices • 1 Chief Justice • 8 Associate Justices • Lifetime Appointments • Appointed by President • Approved by Senate • “The Court of Last Resort”

  10. Supreme Court - Original Jurisdiction • Federal Law/The Constitution • Ambassadors • 2 (or more) states • State vs. State (and more) • State 1 Citizen vs. State 2 Citizen • Citizen of one state vs. another state • The Federal Government, Federal Agencies or Federal employees • State/Citizens of State vs. foreign country/citizen of foreign country

  11. Supreme Court Cases • Appeal • Rule of 4 • Writ of Certiorari • Clerks • Pur Curium Opinions • Briefs • Involved Parties • Amicus Curiae Briefs • Oral Arguments • The Conference • Opinions • Majority • Concurring • Dissenting • Joined by…

  12. Important Court Decisions • Marbury v. Madison • Ex Parte Milligan • Lemon v. Kurtzman • Miranda v. Arizona • Roe v. Wade • Gideon v. Wainwright • Plessy v. Furegson • Brown v. Board

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