1 / 16

OPERATING COST ESTIMATES

OPERATING COST ESTIMATES. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. TARGETS. TO CONSTRUCT A FACILITY THAT HAS NEGLIGIBLE STREAM OR AIR EMISSIONS PROJECT WILL REQUIRE A CLEAR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) PROJECT WILL BE ABLE TO OBTAIN ALL REQUIRED PERMITS ON TIME TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT SCHEDULE.

shepry
Télécharger la présentation

OPERATING COST ESTIMATES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. OPERATING COST ESTIMATES ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

  2. TARGETS • TO CONSTRUCT A FACILITY THAT HAS NEGLIGIBLE STREAM OR AIR EMISSIONS • PROJECT WILL REQUIRE A CLEAR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) • PROJECT WILL BE ABLE TO OBTAIN ALL REQUIRED PERMITS ON TIME TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT SCHEDULE. • STUDY REPORT MUST ADDRESS ANY POLLUTANTS GENERATED BY THIS PROJECT

  3. TYPES OF POLLUTANTS • STREAM - SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER • SOIL - SOLID WASTE • AIR • NOISE

  4. DETERMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS • ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISO 14001 [1] IS A SET OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS WITHIN COMPANIES • COMPANIES NEED TO DEVELOP METHODS TO ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF THEIR PRODUCTION FROM CRADLE-TO-GRAVE [1] http://www.iso.org/iso/en/iso9000-14000/index.html http://www2.mst.dk/common/Udgivramme/Frame.asp?pg=http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/Publications/2003/87-7972-458-2/html/kap01_eng.htm

  5. CRADLE-TO-GRAVE • WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF THE RAW MATERIALS? • WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS? • WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF THE PRODUCT DURING USE BY THE CUSTOMER AND CONSUMER? • WHAT IMPACTS ARE RELATED TO THE FINAL DISPOSITION OF THE PRODUCT? http://www2.mst.dk/common/Udgivramme/Frame.asp?pg=http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/Publications/2003/87-7972-458-2/html/kap01_eng.htm

  6. DRIVING FORCES • INTERNAL FORCES • EXTERNAL FORCES http://www2.mst.dk/common/Udgivramme/Frame.asp?pg=http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/Publications/2003/87-7972-458-2/html/kap01_eng.htm

  7. DEVELOPING THE MANAGEMENT PLAN • IS BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY • IT REQUIRES MORE SPECIFIC PLANS AND DESIGNS TO DETERMINE ACTUAL IMPACTS • THE INFORMATION FROM THIS STUDY SHOULD SUPPORT THE ANALYSIS OF THE MANUFACTURING COMPONENT • ALTERNATE TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS CAN BE ANALYZED WITH RESPECT TO POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.

  8. STREAM POLLUTION • STREAMS MUST BE TREATED TO A LEVEL ACCEPTABLE TO SEND TO A PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTW) • NORMALLY SPECIFIED IN TERMS OF pH, BOD AND COD • SPECIAL REGULATIONS APPLY TO METALS AND TOXIC ORGANICS • CONCENTRATED STREAMS WILL TYPICALLY REQUIRE CHEMICAL PROCESSING • DILUTE STREAMS MAY BE TREATED WITH BIOLOGICAL METHODS (SEE CHAPTER 2 Pp. 47 -50 FOR APPLICATION DATA) http://www.earthquakeprotection.com/american_river_bridge.html

  9. STREAM POLLUTION • ENTRAINED SOLIDS MUST ALSO BE REMOVED (CLARIFICATION) • APPROXIMATE COSTS ARE SHOWN IN TABLE B-8

  10. AIR POLLUTION • PARTICULATES [1] • INCLUDES DUSTS AND AEROSOLS • CATEGORIZED BY SIZE • PM10 - COARSE PARTICULATE >10 μM • PM2.5 - FINE PARTICULATE [2] , 2.5 μM, THAT CAN ENTER DEEP INTO THE LUNGS • METHODS OF REMOVAL - SEE FIGURE 2-2 • FILTRATION • ESP’S [1] http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/pm.html [2] http://www.epa.gov/pmdesignations/ www.library.ca.gov/CRB/97/09/

  11. TYPICAL PARTICULATE http://www.lakeair.com/images/partic1.jpg

  12. TOXIC VAPORS & GASES • MOST MATERIALS ARE CLASSIFIED BY THE EPA IN TERMS OF THEIR HAZARD POTENTIAL • THE 1990 CLEAN AIR ACT LISTED SPECIFIC MATERIALS. http://www.epa.gov/oar/caa/contents.html • A SUMMARY OF THE INTENT OF THE ACT AND THE LIST OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS IS AVAILABLE, www.pca.state.mn.us/air/pubs/4-14.pdf • CALIFORNIA – PROPOSITION 65, THE Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65.html

  13. TYPICAL SOURCES • SEE TABLE 2-8 • http://www.epa.gov/oar/aqtrnd97/brochure/sixprin.html LISTS THE PRINCIPAL POLLUTANTS AND SOURCES • REMOVAL PROCESSES • REFER TO TABLE 2-7 FOR REMOVAL METHODS • USE SCRUBBERS • USE DE-ENTRAINMENT DEVICES • SEE RELATED PROCESS DESIGN FOR COST DATA

  14. SOLID WASTES • MAY BE SUITABLE FOR COMBUSTION/PYROLYSIS • PYROLYSIS CAN RECOVER MATERIALS THAT WOULD NORMALLY BE OXIDIZED • INCINERATION TYPICALLY PRODUCES A REFRACTORY MATERIAL THAT IS NOT TOXIC • PLASMA CAN BE USED TO REDUCE MATERIALS TO ELEMENTAL COMPONENTS • MAY NEED TO BE STORED IN SEALED LANDFILL OR UNDERGROUND STORAGE • RECYCLING IS THE PREFERRED METHOD

  15. NOISE • BEST METHOD IS TO DESIGN INDIVIDUAL UNITS TO MEET REQUIRED dB LEVELS FOR EQUIPMENT • NOISE CAN BE ADDITIVE. • SEE TYPICAL NOISE LEVELS OF EQUIPMENT TABLE 2-10 AND http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/01-104.html • http://www.epa.gov/oar/aqtrnd97/brochure/sixprin.html ALSO PROVIDES DATA FOR SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT www.ehs.ufl.edu/OCCMED/noiselvl.pdf

  16. CONTROL OF NOISE • BY USING LOW-LEVEL NOISE DESIGNS - FOR EXAMPLE AVOIDING SONIC VELOCITIES IN FLOWS • UNITS CAN BE PLACED IN HOUSINGS TO MUFFLE THE NOISE http://www.epa.gov/oar/aqtrnd97/brochure/sixprin.html • PERSONNEL PROTECTION FOR NOISE CONTROL IS A LAST RESORT FOR A WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT http://www.epa.gov/oar/aqtrnd97/brochure/sixprin.html http://www.queenslandsafety.com.au/images/hearing_protection/bilsom_818_nst.jpg http://www.flowsafe.com/cryo/3.jpg http://www.cnj.web.com/noiseabatement.htm

More Related