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Common Problems in Laboratory Animals

Common Problems in Laboratory Animals. Nirah H Shomer, DVM PhD Dip. ACLAM. Barbering. Normal grooming behavior Usually, but not always, one unmarked barber Barber is usually dominant Usually harmless, but can precipitate conjunctivitis, ulcerative dermatitis. Barber.

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Common Problems in Laboratory Animals

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  1. Common Problems in Laboratory Animals Nirah H Shomer, DVM PhD Dip. ACLAM

  2. Barbering • Normal grooming behavior • Usually, but not always, one unmarked barber • Barber is usually dominant • Usually harmless, but can precipitate conjunctivitis, ulcerative dermatitis Barber

  3. Periocular irritation (secondary to barbering)

  4. Fight Wounds Characteristic wound locations on fleeing mice: • Tails, rear feet, genitals

  5. There is typically a dominant aggressive mouse • Even if you remove the aggressor, another mouse may take his place. • Fights are almost exclusively between males • In some strains, even littermates raised together will fight (BALB/c, SJL)

  6. Fight wounds (fatal) • Mice may die, rapidly, of septicemia • Treat with broad spectrum antibiotics

  7. Ulcerative Dermatitis

  8. Ulcerative Dermatitis

  9. Skin lesions Etiology Pattern Treatment BarberingNormal grooming any (same all mice) remove barber Fight Wounds Fighting tail, back, genitals remove aggressor Ulcerative Dermatitis Unknown nape of neck, none under arms ointments pain drugs Linked to C57BL 2° infection common antibiotics

  10. Emaciation • Look for underlying cause • Report objectively using Body Condition Score

  11. These are littermates. What is the mouse on the right? Runt What should you check for?

  12. Malocclusion • Rodent incisors grow continuously • Can be maintained by weekly clipping

  13. Malocclusion is heritable

  14. Diarrhea • Mouse diarrhea is usually very subtle • All you see is bedding stuck to pellets and anus

  15. Rabbit feces Normal pellets Diarrhea True or False: diarrhea is normal in rabbits False: they do have “night feces”, cecotrophs, which are usually eaten directly from the anus

  16. Hamster with “wet tail” • Bacterial infection (Lawsonia intracellularis)- proliferative ileitis • Clostridial overgrowth (spontaneous, age- or stress-related) • Antibiotic toxicity (causes clostridial overgrowth)

  17. Rectal Prolapse • Rectum protrudes through anus • Associated with diarrhea, Helicobacter infection

  18. Seizures

  19. Dystocia(difficult birth) Dam neonate pup from last litter

  20. What’s wrong with this mouse?

  21. Inguinal Hernia Protrusion of an organ (e.g. gut) through a natural opening (e.g. inguinal canal) or unnatural rent (e.g. diaphragmatic rupture) in a body wall. Note that this mass is reducible.

  22. Why is this rabbit matted? Obesity

  23. “Hunched” “Scruffy” Non-specific sign indicating mouse is too ill to groom itself.

  24. Tumor • Size/dimensions 1.5x2.5x2.5cm • Shape irregular/lobulated • Location scapular/right flank • Color mottled • Texture firm/fluctuant • Ulceration ulcerated

  25. Zymbals Gland Tumor

  26. Circling Head Tilt

  27. Porphyrin staining • Pigment comes from Harderian glands • Increased in stress, respiratory disease, sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA) infection • Prominent in rats and gerbils, not in mice • Found around eyes, nares, paws (from grooming face)

  28. Conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctival tissues; aka pink-eye. Usually bacterial, may not respond well to antibiotics.

  29. Proptosis • Bulging or protruding eye • Causes include tumor, abscess, retroorbital bleed/hematoma, glaucoma • Secondary effects include keratitis, loss of eye

  30. Paralysis • Theiler’s mouse encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV strain GD VII) • Spontaneous or iatrogenic trauma • Experimental Allergic Encephalitis (EAE) (multiple sclerosis model)

  31. Find the barber X

  32. Pop Quiz

  33. 1. What’s wrong with these mice?

  34. 2. List all rule-outs for this condition

  35. 3. Describe this mouse

  36. 4. Which mouse should you remove from the cage, and why? 1 2 3 4

  37. 5. What’s wrong with this rabbit?

  38. 6. What is wrong with this mouse?

  39. 7. Name the condition.

  40. 8. What is wrong with this rat?

  41. 1. What’s wrong with these mice? Barbering

  42. 2. List rule-outs for this condition • Fight wounds • Ectromelia (pox virus) • Footpad injection (swollen feet) • Tail bleeding/overheating (tail lesions)

  43. 3. Describe this mouse • Emaciated • Also nude (but this is not a problem)

  44. 4. Which mouse should you remove from the cage, and why? 1 2 3 4 These are fight wounds. Remove the aggressor. Hint: he is the one without lesions

  45. 5. What’s wrong with this rabbit? Malocclusion

  46. 6. What is wrong with this mouse? Tumor. Most common tumor in this area=? Mammary tumor

  47. 7. Name the condition. Head tilt

  48. 8. What is wrong with this rat? Reddish discharge around eyes What is this substance? Porphyrin

  49. The End

  50. What’s wrong with this frog? normal Xenopus Severe emaciation Skin lesions

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