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INTRODUCTION TO CANADA AND CANADIAN FEDERALISM Forum of Federations Intensive Course on Democratic Federalism

INTRODUCTION TO CANADA AND CANADIAN FEDERALISM Forum of Federations Intensive Course on Democratic Federalism. Origins and Historical Evolution of Canada Constitutional Structure Division of Powers Between Ottawa and the Provinces Major Trends and Events Conclusion.

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INTRODUCTION TO CANADA AND CANADIAN FEDERALISM Forum of Federations Intensive Course on Democratic Federalism

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO CANADA AND CANADIAN FEDERALISMForum of FederationsIntensive Course on Democratic Federalism Origins and Historical Evolution of Canada Constitutional Structure Division of Powers Between Ottawa and the Provinces Major Trends and Events Conclusion

  2. ORIGINS AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CANADA People Confederation – 1867 Development

  3. CONSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE Two Key Constitutional Documents Constitution Act, 1867 Constitution Act, 1982 Constitutional Principles Central Functions of the Constitution

  4. DIVISION OF POWERS BETWEEN OTTAWA AND THE PROVINCES “Peace, Order and Good Government” Sections 91 and 92 of the 1867 Constitution General Principles for Allocating Powers General Functions of Each Order of Government

  5. MAJOR TRENDS AND EVENTS The Social and Political Economy of Canada Building the Welfare State/ Growth of National and Provincial Debts and Deficits (1950’s, 1960’s, 1970’s) Cutting Back the Welfare State/ Achievement of Budget Surpluses (1980’s, 1990’s) Trying to Get the Balance Right The Competitive Building of Political Communities (1950-95) Nation Building in Quebec Province Building Elsewhere in Canada Nation Building in Canada as a Whole Ongoing Management of the Federation (1995 – the present)

  6. CONCLUSION Began as a “Quasi-Federation”: Now Is a Genuine Federation Began as a Highly Centralized Federation: Now Is a Highly Decentralized Federation Division of Powers - Began With a System of Watertight Compartments: Now Powers and Responsibilities of Each Order of Government Collide; Entanglement and Competition The Federal Government Had a Paternalistic, Oversight Role at the Beginning: Now Provinces Are Autonomous and Two Orders of Government Are Equally Sovereign in Their Spheres of Jurisdiction Canada Had in 1867 and Still Has Today a Federal System Dominated by the Executive at Both Levels Quebec’s Status in the Federation Remains Formally Unresolved, But Life Goes On

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