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15:1 Immigration

15:1 Immigration. New Immigrants Push and Pull Factors. Late 1800s to early 1900s Europeans NW v. SE Religious persecution, population explosion, opportunity Asians Chinese: gold mountain, RR Japanese: HI Caribbean Mexican War with Mexico National Reclamation Act Political Turmoil.

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15:1 Immigration

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  1. 15:1 Immigration

  2. New ImmigrantsPush and Pull Factors • Late 1800s to early 1900s • Europeans • NW v. SE • Religious persecution, population explosion, opportunity • Asians • Chinese: gold mountain, RR • Japanese: HI • Caribbean • Mexican • War with Mexico • National Reclamation Act • Political Turmoil

  3. Travel to America • Steerage • Conditions • Atlantic v. Pacific voyage

  4. Ellis Island • NYC Harbor • Admission requirements • Overall experience

  5. Angel Island • San Francisco Bay • Difficult admission requirements • Detentions/suicides • poems

  6. Immigrant Experience • Culture Shock • Ethnic Communities • Melting pot • Nativisim

  7. Asian Prejudice • Extreme cultural differences • Chinese Exclusion Act • Japanese: Gentlemen’s Agreement

  8. 15:2 Urbanization

  9. Why settle in urban areas? • Jobs • Ethnic neighborhoods • cheap housing • Farming technology=drop in farming opportunities • Great Migration of African Americans to northern cities • Cultural opportunities

  10. Americanization Movement • Assimilation • Federally sponsored programs • Citizenship

  11. Inadequate Housing • Row houses • Tenements • Dumbbell tenements

  12. Inadequate transportation • Electric streetcars-1888-1920 • Electric subways

  13. Inadequate Water Supply • Water mains • Poor water quality: cholera, typhoid • Chlorination/filtration

  14. Inadequate Sanitation • Raw sewage • Factory smoke/waste • City sanitation departments • scavengers

  15. Rapidly Spreading Fires • Causes • Building codes • Full time fire departments

  16. Crime • Gangs, thieves • Centralize and use merit system for full time salaried police departments

  17. Social Gospel Movement • Message • Improve immigrant experiences

  18. Settlement House Movement • Social responsibility for the urban poor • Services to slum neighborhoods • Jane Addams-Hull House-Chicago

  19. 15:3 Gilded Age

  20. Gilded Age • America rich and prosperous???? • Corrupt political core • Wealth concentration

  21. Political Machines • Pyramid of power • City boss • Ward boss • Precinct captain • Popular with immigrants • Elections/fraud

  22. Corruption of Political Machines • Elections • Graft • Kickbacks • Cops?

  23. Tammany Hall/Boss Tweed • NYC Democratic Political Machine • Tweed Ring graft • NYC Courthouse

  24. Thomas Nast • Political cartoonist • Uncovered corruption • Boss Tweed-Spain

  25. Civil Service Reform • Patronage/Spoils system=corruption • Civil Service reform • President Hayes-reformer

  26. 1880 Election • Republicans split • Stalwarts/spoils system • Reformers/civil service • Garfield (reformer) Arthur (stalwart) • Balanced ticket

  27. Charles Guiteau • Stalwart • Republican supporter • Wanted rewarded with a diplomatic job • Shot Garfield in the back

  28. Garfield’s Death • 80 days • Medical malpractice

  29. Pendleton Act 1883 • Bipartisan civil service commission • Merit system • Tied big business to government

  30. Big business tied to government • Protective tariffs • Harrison (R), McKinley Tariff • Cleveland (D), lower tariffs • McKinley (R), raised tariffs

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