Library of Congress Subject Headings

1. Library of Congress Subject Headings Review

2. LCSH What is the entire work about? Find appropriate heading in LCSH Look for Appropriate Subdivisions In LCSH Is your subject heading sufficiently precise? Search for appropriate subdivision in SCM:SH Add geographic subdivision if appropriate No Yes – go to geog. subdiv.

3. Providing specificity—Types of subdivisions • Geographic • Chronological (time period) • Topical • Form

4. Geographic subdivision permissions—two ways Church and state (May Subd Geog) — Austria Heading: Church and state — Austria Courts (May Subd Geog) Heading: Courts — Alabama— Baldwin County

5. In the big red books Church and state (May Subd Geog) — Austria Online at http://authorities.loc.gov

6. Constructed heading

8. “Authorized Heading” tells you that Austria has been authorized as a geographic subdivision for “Church and state”

9. How do we know we are allowed to subdivide a heading geographically? Courts (May Subd Geog)

13. Authority record Courts 008 860211i| anannbabn |b ana i in this position means that the subject heading can be subdivided geographically

14. http://www.loc.gov/marc/

15. http://www.loc.gov/marc/

18. 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS (NR) • Forty character positions (00-39) that contain positionally-defined data elements … • Character positions • … • 06 - Direct or indirect geographic subdivisionIndicates whether the 1XX heading may be subdivided geographically when used as a subject heading and, if so, the method of subdivision used. • # - Not subdivided geographicallyThe heading may not be subdivided geographically. • … • i - Subdivided geographically--indirectThe name of the larger geographic entity is interposed between the heading and the subdivision for the specific place to which the heading is limited.

19. Authority record Courts 008 860211i| anannbabn |b ana MARC tag Pos. No. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Position no. 6

20. Corless family (Not Subd Geog)

21. Authority record Corless family 008 860211 | anannbabn |a ana blank in this position means that the subject heading cannot be subdivided geographically

22. Courts (May Subd Geog) 008 860211i| anannbabn |b ana can be subdivided geographically Corless family (Not Subd Geog) 008 860211 | anannbabn |a ana cannot be subdivided geographically

23. Geographic subdivision collecting levels Collecting level Perfumes (May Subd Geog) Headings Perfumes — France — Paris Perfumes — Oregon— Portland

24. Geographic subdivisions - collecting levels • United States, Canada, Great Britain • First-level political subdivisions (states, constituent countries, republics) assigned directly Posies — Idaho— Pocatello Celts — Alberta — Calgary Kilts — Scotland — Kirkcaldy • Other countries • Collecting level is the country Tulips — Netherlands— Tilburg

25. Geographic subdivisions - collecting levels (2) • Exceptions to the rule: Washington Metropolitan Area, New York Metropolitan Area, and Jerusalem Metropolitan Area are cited directly • Ferns — Washington (D.C.) • Ferns — Jerusalem

26. Geographic subdivisions - collecting levels (3) • New York Metropolitan Area • Ferns — New York Metropolitan Area • New York City • Ferns — New York (State) — New York

27. Tea tasting in Tehran from LCSH: Tea tasting (May Subd Geog) What is our collecting level for Tehran? Tea tasting — Iran — Tehran

28. Glassblowing in Glasgow from LCSH: Glassblowing and working (May Subd Geog) What is our collecting level for Glasgow? Glassblowing and working — Scotland — Glasgow

29. Geographic subdivisions versus geographic heading Geographic subdivision: Gardens — France — Paris Geographic qualifier Geographic heading: Paris (France) — Description and travel

30. Subdivisions • Listed in LCSH • Free-floating subdivisions to be added by cataloger

31. Free-floating subdivisions Five types: • General free-floating subdivisions • Subdivisions under classes of persons and ethnic groups • Subdivisions under names of individual corporate bodies, persons, and families • Subdivisions used under place names • Subdivisions controlled by pattern headings

32. Subject Cataloging Manual SUBJECT CATALOGING MANUAL Subject Headings Volume 2 H 1075-H1200

33. Contents of Volume Two H 1075 Subdivisions H 1095 Free-floating subdivisions H 1100 Classes of Persons H 1103 Ethnic Groups H 1105 Corporate Bodies H 1110 Names of Persons H 1120 Names of Families H 1140 Names of Places H 1145.5 Bodies of Water H 1146 Subdivisions Controlled by Pattern Headings H 1147 Animals 30

34. General free-floating subdivisions • Form or topical • Form : what the work is Environmental education— Bibliography • Topical : what the work is about Environmental education — Political aspects

35. Older version: Free-Floating Subdivisions H 1095 ― Use only as topical subdivision  ―Designs and plans (H 1532) Use under architectural headings, including types of buildings and rooms, and under landscape headings, including types of gardens and parks, for works containing architectural drawings. ―Deterioration Use under types of substances, materials, products, etc.  ―Dictionaries (H 1540) Use under subjects. See also –Encyclopedias ― Use as either form or topical subdivision

36. Free-Floating Subdivisions H 1095 Section in Subject Cataloging Manual $v Designs and plans (H 1532) Use under architectural headings, including types of buildings and rooms, and under landscape headings, including types of gardens and parks, for works containing architectural drawings. $xDeterioration Use under types of substances, materials, products, etc. $v Dictionaries (H 1540) Use under subjects. See also –Encyclopedias $x Use only as topical subdivision $v Use as either form or topical subdivision

37. General free-floating subdivisions—form Personal Name: Giraudeau, Pierre Philippe, Main Title: Dictionnaire français-tibétain ... Subjects: French language —Dictionaries —Tibetan Form subdivision

38. Subdivisions used under classes of persons (H1100) Political prisoners — Abuse of “including age and sex groups; social, economic, and political categories of persons; types of afflicted persons; members of particular religions; employees and occupational groups” Darts players — Anecdotes

39. Subdivisions used under ethnic groups (H1103) French-Canadians — Job stress “ethnic groups, including preliterate groups, historic peoples no longer in existence, races, and ethnic groups in the United States, for example, Berbers; French-Canadians; Australian aborigines; Hmong (Asian people) …” Dinka (African people) — Clothing

40. Subdivisions used under names of individual corporate bodies, persons, and families • Subdivisions under names of persons (H 1110) Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 — Birthplace • Subdivisions under family names Smith family — Homes and haunts

41. Subdivisions used under place names • Subdivisions under names of places (H 1140) Italy — Social life and customs

42. Free-floating subdivisions • Use to provide greater specificity • Use only one per heading • If two free-floating subdivisions apply, create two headings Berbers—Clothing Berbers—Jewelry

43. Free-floating subdivisions • Place at end of heading from LCSH Table tennis — Coaching— Bibliography

44. Subdivisions controlled by pattern headings Standardized sets of topical and form subdivisions for use under particular categories of subject headings or name headings used as subjects

45. Pattern heading examples CategoryPattern(s) Chemicals Copper; Insulin Diseases Cancer; Tuberculosis Musical Comps. Operas Organs of body Foot; Heart Plants & crops Corn Land vehicles Automobiles

46. Pattern headings: Religion $x Apologetic works $x Apologetic works $x History and criticism $v Catechisms $x Charities … Pattern: Buddhism Charities in Vaishnavism Vaishnavism — Charities

47. Pattern headings: Plants and crops Pattern: Corn $x Abnormalities (May Subd Geog) $x Adaptation (May Subd Geog) $x Age $x Aging $x Aging $x Genetic aspects $x Analysis $x Anatomy …

48. Daffodil dispersal in Duluth (Duluth is in Minnesota.) from LCSH: Daffodils (May Subd Geog) —Diseases and pests (May Subd Geog) —Varieties (May Subd Geog) What is our pattern heading for daffodils? Pattern Heading: Corn Dispersal (May Subd Geog) What is our collecting level for Duluth? Daffodils — Dispersal — Minnesota — Duluth

49. Subject heading with floating subdivision must make sense Blueberries — Husking Not!!!!!

50. In-class exercise Prejudices and antipathies - Sanford Berman Leprosy patients “Here is entered literature dealing with efforts to civilize the Indians...”