Presentation Transcript

1. The Great War (1914-1918)

   The War to End All Wars?
2. Journal #5 Should you always support a friend? What might be the long-term consequences of refusing to support an ally? Relate these questions to Global Studies: What would be the consequences for a country that refused to support an allied country?
3. The Basics World War I “The Great War” “The War to End All Wars” 1914-1918 France, Great Britain, Italy, Russia (later US) VS Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire
4. Essential Questions What were the causes of World War I? What events set the war in motion? How did the war progress on the Western and Eastern fronts? How was World War I a truly global conflict? How did technology change the face of warfare? What were the main points of the Treaty of Versailles? What were the effects of World War I on western society?
5. The cost Forces mobilized: 65,038,810 Killed: 8,528,831 Wounded: 21,189,154 MIA: 7,750,919 Total casualties: 37,466,904 Casualties as % of Forces: 57.5 Financial cost: $338 billion
6. Europe at the start of the Great War
7. Can you guess the MAIN long term causes of World War I? M A I N
8. MAIN Causes M = Militarism Need strong militaries Military spending increases, new weapons made Fight between Britain and Germany to have the most powerful navy
9. MAIN A = Alliances Countries formed alliances with each other Supposed to keep the peace Backfired: Domino effect Triple Entente (1907): Britain, France, Russia Triple Alliance (1882): Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (later switched sides)
10. MAIN I = Imperialism N = Nationalism National pride Desire for independence Why would these ideas cause conflict?
11. MAIN Causes of the War Groupwork Karl, Mike, Kenna, Molly Sean, Hunter, Stephanie, Julia Matt, Thomas, Leah, Brittany, Sara Kelsey, Brennan, Holly, Britta Sami, Shawn, Paige, Evan Elias, Megan, Cassie, Jeremy, Alex
12. No Journal! Take out your HW Get in your groups and finish working on your MAIN causes of World War I primary sources When you are finished, discuss: Which cause do you think contributed MOST to causing WWI? Why?
13. The spark that sets off the war MAIN = long term causes Think of MAIN like explosives waiting to go off! The spark that sets off the bomb: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia Archduke is the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne Killed by a Serbian terrorist, GavriloPrincip
14. Why was he murdered? Background: Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia in 1909 This angered Serbia Serbia and Bosnia want to be together; they share a common ethnicity (Slavic) Serbia is supported by Russia (also Slavic)
15. Balkan Powderkeg
16. Read pg. 1 of “Causes of World War I” and answer in your notes: Why would Serbian terrorists kill the Archduke? Read pg. 2 and answer: Why did France and Germany dislike each other? Why did Britain and Germany dislike each other?
17. The Black Hand Write these questions in your notebooks and answer as you watch: Who were the Black Hand and what was their goal? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE8552joxfE&feature=related
18. Journal #6 Take out your homework for me to collect! Think back to Friday and try not to use your notes: What was the flashpoint (event that causes conflict to flare up) that started WWI? Who/What/Where/When/Why? What do you know about the ICE method for writing paragraphs? What should be included in a good paragraph answering a question?
19. Leaders at the time Germany: Kaiser (emperor) Wilhelm II Russia: Tsar (emperor) Nicholas II England: Prime Minister David Lloyd George, King George V
20. The Domino Effect June 28, 1914: Assassination July 28: Austria gives Serbia an ultimatum (list of demands) Serbia refuses, Austria declares war Germany gave Austria a “blank check” to do this July 31: Russia builds up army to support Serbia Aug. 1-3: Germany declares war on Russia and France Aug. 4: Germany declares war on neutral Belgium Britain declares war on Germany Aug. 6: Austria declares war on Russia
21. Who is to blame? In partners or individually, read the telegrams and complete the graphic organizer. You have 30 min. to complete this. Then, be a detective: Who is to blame for World War I? Specifically, why is Germany blamed? Should they be blamed? For homework: Write an ICE paragraph answering the question.
22. Beginning of the war Central Powers: Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire/Bulgaria Allied Powers: Great Britain France Russia Italy (and later, US)
23. Schlieffen Plan Germany: Schlieffen Plan Goal: knock out France (to avoid a two-front war) by taking Paris in exactly 42 days! Kaiser: “Paris for lunch, St. Petersburg for dinner!” Pass through neutral Belgium (“rape of Belgium”) BUT Battle of Tannenberg diverted troops to Prussia; Russia mobilized faster than expected (10 days)
24. Journal #7 List two things you remember about trench warfare from your research yesterday. Why do you think World War One was called the “Great War”?
25. World War I Warfare: Stalemate: Neither side can win; trying to “outlast” the other Western Front: By 1915, 500 miles of trenchesalong the French/German border This is where trench warfare happened! Eastern Front: The German and Russian border Complete Part II of your maps. Make sure you have the Central and Allied Powers colored in correctly.
26. New Weaponry Machine gun Tank Britishfirst use the tankat the Battle of the Somme (1916) Why? Poison Gas Destroyed respiratory organs, caused blisters, and even death
27. U Boats Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare: Sinking without warning ships in enemy waters 1915: British ship Lusitania torpedoed Killed 1198 people, including 128 Americans
28. Watching “All Quiet on the Western Front” Questions: What weaponry/technology do you notice? How did this new weaponry make World War I more brutal than previous wars?
29. 1917: Big turning point Why? US enters the war Russia leaves the war
30. Why did the US join the war in 1917? Sinking of the Lusitania Zimmerman Telegram: Germany tries to get Mexico to join the war against the U.S. President Woodrow Wilson: To make the world “safe for democracy” $ andweaponssent to the Allies Cultural and historical ties to Britain Anti-German feeling What is Historian A’s argument? What is Historian B’s argument?
31. Journal #8 1. What are two reasons the US joined the war? 2. Propaganda: Have you ever heard this word before? In what context (where did you hear it)? Do you think this is a positive or negative word? Take a guess at what propaganda means (and give an example if you can).
32. Home Front Total War: Civilians helping the war effort/war doesn’t just affect the soldiers, it affects everyone Women working in factories Rationing Press censorship (newspapers can’t write bad things about the war)
33. Propaganda Propaganda: Persuasive one-sided (biased) information to keep up morale (keep up spirits) Techniques: Name-calling/demonization of the enemy Bandwagon: “Join, everyone else is!” Fear Appeal to authority Glorifying your country
34. Propaganda Analysis Groupwork 1. With your group, look at each propaganda poster and answer the questions on your analysis sheets. Use your notes to help you. 2. Decide which poster is most effective at propaganda. In other words, which is the best? Why? 3. One group member will be sharing the best poster to the whole class when all groups are done.
35. Propaganda Analysis Groupwork Great Britain: Molly, Hunter, Sean, Thomas, Jeremy France: Brennan, Elias, Paige, Matt, Sara, Evan Germany: Mike, Brittany, Stephanie, Leah, Holly United States: Megan, Kelsey, Jeremy, Julia, Alex United States: Cassie, Sami, Shawn, Kenna, Karl, Britta
36. Journal #9 Why is World War I a global war? Turn to pg. 418. What areas of the world got involved in the war? Make a list.
37. US Involvement Woodrow Wilson wanted the US to have a say in the peace terms 1918: He created the “Fourteen Points,” a peace plan: No secret treaties Freedom of the seas Self determination (nations choose independence) League of Nations (pre-United Nations)
38. 1918 On the Eastern Front: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918): Russia surrenders Starvation, riots Russian Revolution overthrows the czar New government ends the war On the Western Front: War going badly for Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottomans Second Battle of the Marne: Germans pushed back
39. End of the war Armistice(agreement to end the war) signed on November 11, 1918 German government has collapsed and the Kaiser has abdicated (stepped down) German starvation, no food or supplies, army about to rebel New government surrenders even though the Allies are not even in Germany Later on, they would be accused of “stabbing the German army in the back”
40. Signed in the French commander’s railway carriage
41. Results of the war German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian Empires collapse Germany loses a lot of territory Very harsh peace terms forced on Germany Serbia and Bosnia become part of the new Yugoslavia In total, about 9 million soldiers and 7 million civilians killed
42. Is peace going to be based on the 14 Points? In partners, analyze the 14 Points.
43. Journal #10 1. How was your break? 2. Interpret this quote: “It must be a peace without victory…only a peace among equals can last.” ---President Woodrow Wilson What is “a peace without victory”? Predict: Do you think that the treaty that ends World War I is “a peace among equals”? When you finish your journal, continue working on the “14 Points” packet! You have until lunch to finish. While you’re working, I will pass around a sign up sheet for today’s simulation.
44. Paris Peace ConferenceSimulation 1919: Year long peace talks at the Paris Peace Conference Big 4: Woodrow Wilson (US president) Georges Clemenceau (France) David Lloyd George (Britain) Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Which countries had no say?
45. Paris Peace Conference Simulation 1. In your country delegations, read your Background Briefings and the additional information sheets. Use them to answer the handout questions. 2. Choose a group leader to write your country’s proposals on the board. You will need to take notes on this. 3. The class will vote on each proposal. As we vote, fill in the “class” Treaty of Versailles. 4. We will compare our “class” treaty to the real treaty.
46. Signing the Treaty, June 28, 1919 Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles
47. Journal #11 1. Was the Treaty of Versailles based on the 14 Points? Why or why not? Give at least two examples and use your 14 Points packet and the Treaty of Versailles handout to help you. 2. Then, interpret this quote: “We shall have to fight another war again in 25 years time.” --David Lloyd George, British PM Was he right? How do you think the Treaty of Versailles might have helped cause World War II?
48. Terms of the Treaty of Versailles The Allies are BRATs! B = Blame Germany has the total blame for the war R = Reparations Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars to Allies A = Army Germany was forbidden to have a military over 100,000 T = Territory Germany lost all colonies, Alsace-Lorraine, Poland, and more
49. Review Groups OUTLINE answers to each question. Group 1: Study guide short answer question 1 Group 2: Study guide short answer question 2 Group 3: Study guide short answer question 3 Group 4: Study guide short answer question 4 Group 5: Study guide short answer question 5 Group 6: Study guide essay question Group 7: World War I Graphic Organizer (on the back of the map)