Assignments: Nomenclature, Latin and Greek

Assignments: Nomenclature, Latin and Greek Vasquez et al. Etmopterus benchleyi, a new lanternshark - and a note on sources, referencing, and plagiarism

The Aquatic Environment - a brief overview

Tell me about this environment, and what it conveys about its inhabitants….

Tell me about this fish, and what it conveys about its environment….

National Geographic

Marine Conservation Society UK

Aquatic environment • salinity – from 0 to 70 ppt Fresh water = 0-2 ppt Brackish (estuarine) = 2-30 ppt Salt water = 35 ppt • in fresh water, fish must resist osmotic intake of water • in salt water, fish must retain water and excrete salts

Aquatic environment • salinity – from 0 to 70 ppt • temperature - < 0 to > 30 C • water has high heat absorbance, 4 x that of air • fish are metabolically adapted to different temperature ranges; few are widely eurythermal • a few fish are adapted to temperatures below freezing

Aquatic environment • salinity – from 0 to 70 ppt • temperature - < 0 to > 30 C • motion – stagnant to torrents • various morphological adaptations to moving water

Aquatic environment • salinity – from 0 to 70 ppt • temperature - < 0 to > 30 C • motion – stagnant to torrents • dissolved materials - gases, solids • oxygen in water relatively unavailable, compared to air • methods to acquire oxygen are varied • too little oxygen >> air breathing • too much oxygen >> gas supersaturation problems

Aquatic environment • salinity – from 0 to 70 ppt • temperature - < 0 to > 30 C • motion – stagnant to torrents • dissolved materials - gases, solids • pressure – deepest water is 11,000 m (6.9 miles, 11 km) • pressure increases 1 atm for every 33’ (10 m) of depth • to maintain buoyancy, fish must compensate • skeletal structure of deep sea fish is reduced due to support by water

Aquatic environment • salinity – from 0 to 70 ppt • temperature - < 0 to > 30 C • motion – stagnant to torrents • dissolved materials - gases, solids • pressure – deepest water is 11,100 m (6.9 miles, 11 km) • viscosity – water is 800x more dense than air • requires much more effort to move through water than air • streamlining is critical; max. speed (tuna) is ~ 21 m/sec

Aquatic environment • salinity – from 0 to 70 ppt • temperature - < 0 to > 30 C • motion – stagnant to torrents • dissolved materials - gases, solids • pressure – deepest water is 11,100 m (6.9 miles, 11 km) • viscosity • light - attenuates with depth, turbidity • many fishes adapted to zero light conditions • some fishes generate their own light • issues for color

Aquatic environment • salinity – from 0 to 70 ppt • temperature - < 0 to > 30 C • motion – stagnant to torrents • dissolved materials - gases, solids • pressure – deepest water is 11,100 m (6.9 miles, 11 km) • viscosity • light • sound - travels 4 x faster in water than air • directionality is difficult to achieve

Physical, biological habitat

Aquatic environments mean extreme area volume depth depth fresh 1% 0.01% few 1,600 m meters (Baikal) salt 70% 97% 3,790 m 11,000 m (trenches)

Habitat suitability Ontogenetic Cyclic Resident migrant migrant High for all functions all of the time Varies with size, age, or development High for one function, low for another function seasonal tidal diel Adapted from Able and Fahey 2010

Assignments: Nomenclature, Latin and Greek

Assignments: Nomenclature, Latin and Greek

Presentation Transcript

Latin and Greek

Greek and Latin Roots

Greek and Latin

Latin and Greek Roots

Greek and Latin Roots

Latin and Greek ROOTS

Latin and Greek Roots

Latin and Greek roots .

Greek and Latin Roots

Greek and Latin Roots

Greek and Latin Roots

Greek and Latin Roots

Latin and Greek Roots

Greek and Latin Roots

Latin and Greek Roots

Latin and Greek Roots

Latin and Greek Roots

Greek and Latin Roots

Latin nomenclature

Greek and Latin Roots

Latin and Greek...