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Move some _______________ from point A to B in

Potential. IV . Electric ______________. Move some _______________ from point A to B in the E ( ________________ ) field of a charged object:. charge q. electric. lines. E field ________. A. q. charged object. F. B.  It takes ____________ to move q closer because it

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Move some _______________ from point A to B in

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  1. Potential IV . Electric ______________ • Move some _______________ from point A to B in the E ( ________________ ) field of a charged object: charge q electric lines E field ________ A q charged object F B  It takes ____________ to move q closer because it requires a ____________ applied for a ______________ . work W force F distance d

  2. Because of the work done, the energy of the ___________of charges is stored up as an electric _______ . PE system The electric _______________________ V is defined as the work done per charge: potential difference V = W / q no direction scalar V is a _____________ because it has ___________________ units of V: By definition, one _______________________ = 1 _________ or 1 _______ = 1 _____ [V] = [ ] / [ ] q W [V] = / J C volt joule/coulomb V J/C  Because of its units, the potential difference is often called the ________________ . voltage

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  4. Ex 1: 18 J of work are required to move 2.0 C of charge between two points in an electric field. Find the electric potential difference between the two points. Given: V = W / q W 18 J = V = 18 J /2.0 C = 9.0 J/C = 9.0 V 2.0 C = q V = ? How much work would be required to move 4.0 C of charge between the same two points of the problem above? V = W / q = = q = 4.0 C 9.0 V V = W/ 4.0 C 9.0 V 36 J W W = ? How much potential energy is stored up as a result? 36 J

  5. DC volts in different sizes and shapes:

  6. AC volts in different sizes and shapes:

  7. NOTE: V = W/q can be used with 2 sets of units! • When working with small amounts of charge and energy, you often use _______________ units. • For W, instead of joules, use units: • ______________________ • For q, instead of coulombs, use units: • the number of ______________________ • Using these new units, the potential difference V in: • V = W/q will have units: [ V ] = [ ] / [ ] • which again be volts: = / • You get V because _________________ . • smaller • electronvolts, eV elementary charges, e • q • W • V • eV • e the e's cancel

  8. Ex: 20 electronvolts of work are required to move 8 electrons between two points in an electric field. Find the electric potential difference between the two points V = W / q = 20 eV / 8 e = 2.5 eV/e = 2.5 V Given: 20 eV = W 8 e = q V = ? Ex: How much work (in eV) is done on a proton when it is accelerated through a potential difference of 68,000 volts? V = W / q = /  W = W 1 e 68,000 eV 68,000 V How much kinetic energy will the proton have as a result? DKE = W = 68,000 eV

  9. Conversions between units. See PhysRT, page ____: 1 electronvolt (eV) = _____________________ J Notice that this number is the same as the one in the conversion: 1 elementary charge (e) = _____________________ C 1 Ex. Convert 9.6 x 10-19 J to eV. 9.6 x 10-19 J x ___________________ = ______________ eV Ex. Convert 4640 eV to J. 4640 eV x ___________________ = ___________________ J

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  11. Conversions between units. See PhysRT, page ____: 1 electronvolt (eV) = _____________________ J Notice that this number is the same as the one in the conversion: 1 elementary charge (e) = _____________________ C 1 1.60 x 10-19 1.60 x 10-19 Ex. Convert 9.6 x 10-19 J to eV. 1 eV 1.60 x 10-19 J 6.0 9.6 x 10-19 J x ___________________ = ______________ eV Ex. Convert 4640 eV to J. 1.60 x 10-19 J 1 eV 7.42 x 10-16 4640 eV x ___________________ = ___________________ J

  12. Summary of electric potential units: eV J e C V V  eV's are NOT a unit of __________________________ . They are a unit for __________ or _____________. Also, you cannot mix: _____ with _______ or: _____ with _______ One of them must be converted first! potential difference work energy e J eV C

  13. Ex. Find the work done in joules in moving 5 electrons through a potential difference of 6.0 V. Solution 1: Find answer in eV, then convert: V = W /q = = W ________ eV x _______________ = ____________ J Solution 2: Convert e to C first, then calculate. _______ e x __________________ = ____________ C V = W /q = = W 5 e 6.0 V W / 30 eV 1.60 x 10-19 J 1 eV 4.8 x 10-18 30 1.60 x 10-19 C 1 e 8.0 x 10-19 5 8.0 x 10-19 C 6.0 V W / 4.8 x 10-18 J

  14. NOTES: • Electric potential difference represents the ___________ • per ____________ stored up in the system of charges. PE charge • If the charges are allowed to move freely through a • potential difference, they will gain the energy as _____ • in the same way that a ___________ object gains it. KE falling gravity: electricity: PE = 100 J KE = 100 J PE = 100 J KE = 100 J

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