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Evolution of e-VLBI at Arecibo: Challenges and Achievements

This outline explores the history of e-VLBI at Arecibo Observatory and highlights the current challenge of EXPReS. It discusses the progress made in establishing high-speed connections and future plans for connectivity. The potential for 1-10 Gbps connectivity is also discussed.

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Evolution of e-VLBI at Arecibo: Challenges and Achievements

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  1. eVLBI @ Arecibo(JIVE/EXPReS +) Outline Presented by : Tapasi Ghosh Other active players: Arun Venkataraman, Chris Salter, & Emmanuel Momjian. • A brief history of e-VLBI at AO • The current challenge: EXPReS • Plotting the Caribbean course

  2. Beginnings:October 2003 MIT/Haystack demonstrates e-VLBI techniques for Internet2 Joint Techs. AO participates using a canned data set (Coordinator: David Lapsley). Haystack estimates ~50Mbps usable bandwidth to AO.

  3. First eVLBI with JIVE:September 2004 The first eVLBI test observations took place on Sept. 10, 2004. The source, 0528+134, was observed at 1.6 GHz using an array consisting of Arecibo, Cambridge (UK), Torun (Poland) and Westerbork (Netherlands). The observations resulted in the FIRST transatlantic eVLBI image. Arecibo-Torun was then the LONGEST real-time interferometer baseline yet created. (Top) The 1.6-GHz continuum image of 0528+134 at 80 mas resolution. (Below) Visibility amplitude and phase plots between Arecibo and other EVN stations.

  4. Data Path to JIVE MK5 in2net DAR/Formatter • PRISANET (PR) of the Arecibo Obs./UPR. • AMPATH (US) of Florida Intl. Univ. • Abilene (US) of Internet 2. • SURFnet (NL) of SURFnet BV. Data rate: 32 Mbps, briefly sustained 80 Mbps. JIVE

  5. Until Spring 2005 March 2005: A successful 64-Mbps e-VLBI run with EVN of SN2001em at 18 cm. Published in Mem.S.A.It. AO/Cornell joins EXPReS consortium proposal to EC for networking infrastructure improvements to 1Gbps+. AO negotiates with UPR for continuation of the Internet2 link.

  6. Trouble in Paradise • Although AO’s connection to I2 is assured, further e-VLBI experiments late 2005 to 2007 are barely able to sustain 32Mbps. • Meanwhile in Europe, EXPReS funding is approved. • A new high speed link is needed: who can provide it?

  7. Caribbean Adventure • AMPATH (FIU) initiates CaribREN to involve research centers and providers in the region to explore opportunities • SMITCOMS announces 2.5Gbps submarine cable project with presence in PR • Centennial PR contracts with Alcatel for a fiber connection to St Croix (Global Crossing landing)

  8. It’s Only Money (up to 1Gbps, for now) • Centennial PR plans to establish a multi-gigabit backbone. • UPR look for bandwidth upgrade; chiefly on commodity Internet • Proposal submitted by Centennial to UPR/AO based on Multi-Protocol Label Switching. This awaits UPR’s approval. With a moderate increment of our current annual cost, this will provide us with up to 512Mbps connectivity to FIU by summer 2007. • Technology is already available for 1Gbps connectivity to FIU, but at about double the current annual charge.

  9. The Last (S)mile (in 2008?) • Global Crossing is making a landing point at St Croix, with 8 conduits of 10.12Gbps each. • Centennial PR to light 10Gbps fiber to St Croix in May 2007. • “Lambda” (10Gbps) optical paths via WDM will be available to Miami or New York. • NY’s MANLAN NAP connects to NLR which is connected to GEANT via 10Gbps paths. • Cornell is a leading NE-NLR member. • PR to NLR is via Centennial+FIU for now. FIU is working towards connecting to NLR via Atlantic Waves. AO has given a letter of support to that effort.

  10. Conclusion • The technology for 1Gbps+ links now exists in PR. Full optical path switching is not far away. • Given the funding, AO should just meet half of EXPReS’s 1Gbps spec by Fall 2007. • Plan for 1 - 10 Gbps connectivity will be worked on during this year.

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