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Julius Caesar

1. Why does Caesar say he will not read Artemdorus' letter first?.

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Julius Caesar

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    1. Julius Caesar Act III

    2. 1. Why does Caesar say he will not read Artemdorus letter first? What touches us ourself shall be last served. In Caesars attempt to appear magnificent, he chooses to look at the things that are closest to him last. This tendency will prove to be fatal. Personal business will be handled last. show of false modesty Caesars arrogance has triumphed over wisdom. Tension grows as Caesars inevitable march toward death progresses

    3. 2.What does Popilius Lena say to Cassius? I wish your enterprise today may thrive. Popilius hints that he knows of the conspirators plan. Cassius feigns ignorance and pretends not to know what Popilius is talking about With the very real possibility of disclosure, Cassius swears to Brutus that if their plot is discovered he will kill himself rather than be arrested for treason.

    4. 3. What does Trebonius do while Popilius Lena speaks to Caesar? He draws Mark Antony out of the way. Implied stage direction Trebonius has set into motion the next stage of the plot against Caesar. This would indicate to an actor that he must engage Mark Antony in some way that would draw him from the stage.

    5. 4. How does Caesar respond to Cimbers request to lift his brothers banishment? But I am constant as the Northern Star, Of whose true-fixed and resting quality There is no fellow in the firmament. Through this simile, Caesar portrays himself as a man who cannot be moved to change his mind by flattery or pleas. But, isnt flattery what got him to the capitol? Tragic Irony Total self-absorption An unexamined life is not worth living. (Socrates)

    6. #4 Continued Caesar portrays himself as constant when he is about to be assassinated; therefore, his constancy is artificial. By comparing himself to Olympus, a mountain in Greece presumed to be the home of the gods, Caesar is publicly declaring a god-like presence within himself. However, instead of showing god-like mercy and compassion by pardoning Cimbers brother, Caesar chooses to exhibit stubborness. Egotistical hubris Pride goeth before the fall.

    7. 5. Using your imagination, create the setting as well as the stage directions for the assassination. Despite Brutus earlier instructions that Caesars death shoud be as clean as possible, each conspirator takes his turn at Caesar. Having endured twenty-two stab wounds, the still standing Caesar, his lacerations pouring forth blood, becomes the fulfillment of Calpurnias dream.

    8. 6. What is Caesars comment after Brutus stabs him? Et tu, Brute? - Then fall Caesar! This line indicates that Caesar cannot believe his good friend would also be involved in this conspiracy. It is the twenty-third wound inflicted by Brutus, the man he loved and perhaps fathered, that causes Caesars life force to vanish. PATHOS (appeal to emotion) Is he a politician to the end, or is he really sad??? Anagnorisis\An`ag*nor"i*sis\, n. to recognize.The unfolding or d['e]nouement.

    9. 7. What does Brutus say about death? Brutus knows everyone must die; it is just a question of where and when. Fates, we will know your pleasures: That we shall die, we know; t is but the time, . . . This statement also supports one of the major themes in this play, perhaps, showing that Brutus believes Fate has complete control over their lives. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead. Existential void

    10. 8. What does Brutus suggest the conspirators do before going to the marketplace? . . . Stoop, Romans, stoop, And let us bathe our hands in Caesars blood. This act will mark them as conspirators who are proud, not ashamed, of what they have done. Part of the ceremony of the Lupercalian Festival that opened this play was the ritualistic sacrifice of a goat. The blood of the animal would then be smeared on the bodies of young men. By washing their hands in Caesars blood, the conspirators fulfill the final prophecy of Calpurnias dream and reenact a religious ceremony, which will allow Brutus to continue to believe that this act was a sacrifice not a murder.

    11. #8 Continued Blood is a pervading image in the play. Vision of Caesars bleeding body will silently and forcefully dominate the next 450 lines of this act. Caesars blood not only flows across the stage but also now covers the arms and hands and well as the weapons of the murderers. If the murder of Caesar was a barbaric deed done to further the personal agendas of greedy, jealous men; then, the blood on the hands of the conspirators is a sign of guilt. If the murder is a sacrificial purging of the sickness that runs through the body politic of Rome; then, the blood is a symbol of catharsis and purification.

    12. 9. Explain Antonys message to Brutus. Antony declares his respect for both Brutus and Caesar. . . .Say I love Brutus and I honour him; Say I feard Caesar, honourd him and loved him. Antony then asks for permission to speak with Brutus about Caesars death. If Brutus agrees to this, Antony agrees to support him. Is he being sincere? Rhetoric Politicking (shrewd, clever, astute) Brutus naivety and pride (also falls for flattery) Flattery major theme in the play

    13. 10. What is Antonys comment to Brutus? What does this comment say about Antonys character? Antony believes he may be the next to be murdered. I know not, gentlemen, what you intend, Who else must be let blood, who else is rank: This quote shows Antonys respect for Caesar. Antony feels so strongly about Caesar, that to die within an hour, or during the day of his death, Antony will consider it an honor. Antony continues the running metaphor of both disease and blood. If the body politic is swollen with disease; then, the blood of Antony may be required to purge the state to restore it to health.

    14. 11. Why does Antony not seem angry with Caesars murderers? Antony does not answer Cassius offers but proceeds, in a show of friendship and respect, to shake the bloody hand of each of the conspirators.

    15. 12. What is the reason Brutus gives Antony for Caesars murder? Brutus explains that pity is the reason for killing Caesar. And pity to the general wrong of Rome Still views the act as a sacrifice Must justify virtuously Trying to convince Antony Naivety PATHOS

    16. 13. Why do you think Antony apologizes to Caesar? Antony had a strong connection with Caesar and cared for him very much. Befriending the murderers is disrespectful to Caesar, but because the conspirators are so powerful, at this point in the play, it is a shrewd strategy for Antony to declare peace with them. Apostrophe - turning ones speech from one audience to another

    17. 14. What literary term is demonstrated in these lines? How like a deer strucken by many princes. simile Antony comparing Caesar to a deer. Image of beauty, innocence, magnificence Antony comparing conspirators to princes sincere or not sincere???

    18. 15. What is Brutus plan? Brutus decides he will speak to the public first, explaining, in his own words, . . . the reason of our Caesars death . . . , thus winning the approval of the crowd. Then, he will let Antony speak. Is this a good idea? Naivety (perhaps Brutus tragic flaw)

    19. 16. What conditions are placed on Antony if he is to speak at Caesars funeral? Antony is allowed to speak at Caesars funeral if he agrees to speak after Brutus; Antony is not allowed to blame the conspirators, but he must speak all the good he can about Caesar. Antony is also told that he must tell the audience that he has been given permission to speak.

    20. 17. What are Antonys intentions? soliloquy (solo speech) Antony reveals his true intentions to incite a civil war and get revenge on the murderers of Caesar. Antony finally reveals his true feelings toward the men he calls butchers. Calling on the gods, Antony curses both the conspirators and Rome. Using images that are both bloody and brutal, Antony invokes the spirit of Caesar and vows to revenge Caesars murder by unleashing the most devastating and destructive forces of hell. As though his prayers are answered, a servant enters with the news that Octavius Caesar, Julius grandnephew, his only living relative and heir, is within 21 miles of Rome. Julius may be dead but another Caesar moves in quickly to assume his role and take his place.

    21. 18. What message does Antony want Octavius servant to take to Octavius? Antony wants Octavius to delay his journey to Rome. He also wants the servant to observe how the Roman people respond to his oratory for Caesar and let Octavius know the mood of the population or the state of things in Rome. Here is a mourning Rome, a dangerous Rome, No Rome of safety for Octavius yet . . .

    22. 19. What is Brutus reasoning for murdering Caesar? Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. for the good of Rome consistent reasoning notice speaking in prose (logical, straightforward style) at least trying to present a strong ETHOS

    23. 20. Find the anaphora within Brutus speech to the Romans. Anaphora - Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines. If any, speak; for him have I offended. This clause is repeated three times throughout Brutus short speech Rhetorical strategy Appeal to ethos

    24. 21. Explain the last line of Brutus speech? With this being said, Ill confess - I murdered my best friend for Rome; the same knife can be used for myself, when the country decides it is my time to die. Brutus appeals to the abstract ideal of patriotism and offers to sacrifice himself for Rome

    25. 22. What is the crowds reaction to Brutus speech? The Romans are in agreement with Brutus. In fact, they speak of making him the new Caesar. Ironic in many ways. Previously, they supported Pompey; then, Caesar; now Brutus; next who??? Also, they do not seem to understand that Brutus protected Rome from a dictator by killing Caesar. They do not want another Caesar. Mob mentality major theme

    26. 23. What anaphora about Brutus in Antonys speech becomes ironic? Brutus is an honorable man. Ironic because he is absolutely not trying to demonstrate that Brutus is honorable. Instead calls into question the legitimacy of Brutus judgment, action, and reasoning speaks in poetry (emotional appeal) weeps for Caesar appeal to PATHOS uses synecdoche Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;

    27. 24. What does Antony claim to have? Antony claims to have Caesars will playing on the emotions and greed of the crowd Antony, having convinced Calpurnia to give him free access to all of Caesars papers, found Caesars will the evening of the assassination.

    28. 25. How does Antony describe the stab wound Brutus gave? Antony describes the wound Brutus inflicted as . . . the most unkindest cut of all . . . because it came from a close friend. Hyperbole - appeal to PATHOS But, if, as Plutarch suggests, Brutus stabbed Caesar in the genitals, this is perhaps the only accurate statement Antony has made in the past few lines. Antonys next ploy to enrage the crowd draws on sentimentality and the use of visual aids. Closing in on Caesars body, Antony shows Caesars torn and bloody robe to the awed crowd. He tells them that Caesar wore that cloak during the conquest of the Nervii. He then goes on to point out each tear in the mantle and identify the man who made each particular rent.

    29. 26. Antony claims to lack what talent? Antony claims to have no talent as a speaker. In many instances throughout this play, language is used to deceive and misinform. Antony is obviously a talented speaker I am no orator, as Brutus is, Litotes -Deliberate understatement, especially when expressing a thought by denying its opposite (opposite of hyperbole)

    30. 27. What do the reactions of the mob indicate? Well mutiny. Well burn the house of Brutus. The Roman mob can be described as capricious and ready to go along with the most persuasive speaker. Their rapid change in loyalty also demonstrates greed. Informing the crowd of Caesars generosity is the explosive fuel that enflames the mob into the frenzy that Antony desires.

    31. #27 Continued The image of fire as both a means of destruction and purification is powerfully intermingled in the violence and chaos unleashed in the final part of this scene. As Caesars body is being sanctified through the ritual of cremation, the crowd takes firebrands from the funeral pyre to burn down the homes of the conspirators. Brutus and Cassius, along with the other conspirators, are forced to escape from Rome, the city they had desired to free.

    32. 28. According to Antony, what does Caesars will read? Every Roman is to receive seventy-five drachmas, all of Caesars parks and gardens, his arbors and orchards Do you think this is really what the will says???

    33. 29. What other piece of information does the Servant give Antony? The servant tells Antony that Brutus and Cassius have fled through the gates of Rome. Who is winning at the end of Act III? Is anyone honorable???

    34. 30. Why is Cinna, the poet, killed by the mob? At first Cinna is mistaken for Cinna the conspirator, and for this he would have been killed. Finding out that he is Cinna, the poet, he is then killed for his bad verses. The mob needs no excuse. Mob out of control and looking for revenge Mob mentality overpowers and replaces individual logic Symbolic, perhaps, that Cinna the poet, the seeker of truth, is murdered rather than Cinna, the politician, who uses words to hide the truth

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