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Silicosis Prevention

Silicosis Prevention. Introduction to OSHA’s Special Emphasis Program. Silica Special Emphasis Program. Began in 1997 Part of OSHA current Strategic Plan (through 2008) Compliance Enforcement Consultation Training and Outreach OSHA Web-site

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Silicosis Prevention

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  1. Silicosis Prevention Introduction to OSHA’s Special Emphasis Program Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  2. SilicaSpecial Emphasis Program • Began in 1997 • Part of OSHA current Strategic Plan (through 2008) • Compliance Enforcement • Consultation • Training and Outreach • OSHA Web-site • Standard Development and Stakeholders Meetings Currently in Progress Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  3. Why Target Crystalline Silica Exposure? • 1. Toxicity is well documented • 2. Widespread worker overexposure • 3. Exposures can be controlled Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  4. Case Study, 1930’s: Hawk’s Nest Tunnel • Gauley Mt., W. VA. • 1930 – 1935 • Estimated Deaths from Silicosis: • 500 to 750 Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  5. Progress made: Exposures in the 21st Century Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  6. Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

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  11. What is Silica? • Composes 15% of Earth’s Crust • 1. Crystalline Silica (regulated) • has a diagnostic X-ray diffraction pattern • 2. Amorphous Silica (not regulated) • “without form” • cannot distinguish by X-ray diffraction • Glass is common example Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  12. Crystalline Silica • Examples: • Sand, Granite, other “Hard” rocks • Quartz, most common • Cristobalite, Tridymite • Much less common, but more toxic than quartz Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  13. Foundries Ceramics Industry Abrasive Blasting Construction Manufacturing of cleaning agents Mining Operations Use of Coal (e.g., electric power generation) Potential Silica Exposures Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  14. Silica and Mortality • 250 Worker deaths per year from Silica • (Compare to 175 deaths/yr from trenching accidents) • Silicosis • Tuberculosis • Heart Disease • Lung Cancer? • Suspect Hum. Carcinogen –A2 (ACGIH) Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  15. Health Effects • Chronic-Obstructive Pulmonary (Lung) Disease--COPD • Affects Aveolar Surface • Decreases Elasticity • Prevents Oxygen/CO2 Exchange Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  16. Silicosis Diagnosis • Requires Chest X-ray • X-ray must be read by qualified “B-Reader” • Silica Nodules are Non-Reversible Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  17. Disease Classes of Silicosis • 1. Acute Silicosis (Highest Exp.) • Latency of weeks to 5 years • 2. Accelerated Silicosis (High Exp.) • Latency of 5 to 15 years • 3. Chronic Silicosis (Moderate Exp.) • Latency >15 years Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  18. Silicosis: Non-Curable Disease • Prevention through Safe Workpractice is critical Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  19. Silicosis Prevention Program • Engineering Control of Dust • Training on crystalline silica • Respiratory protection program • Work clothes, change and wash area Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

  20. Silicosis Prevention Program • Air monitoring program • Medical surveillance • Housekeeping and Regulated Areas • Recordkeeping Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

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