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Comprehensive Guide to Building a Multi-Stage Power Supply Circuit

This guide provides a detailed overview of constructing a multi-stage power supply circuit. It covers the essential transformation from mains voltage to reduced AC voltage, conversion to DC via rectification (both half-wave and full-wave), and voltage smoothing techniques using filtering and regulation components. Special attention is given to handling surge currents to prevent damage and employing inductors and capacitors for effective filtering. The final assembly includes insights on utilizing the Graymark 808 Power Supply kit, which is perfect for various analogue and digital lab projects.

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Comprehensive Guide to Building a Multi-Stage Power Supply Circuit

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  1. Power Supply - Stage 1 • Mains voltage has to be reduced 4:1 + + - - 30 VAC 120 VAC 1 - Transformation Electronic Components

  2. Power Supply - Stage 2 • Alternating voltage has to be converted to DC 30 VAC 9.6 VDC Load Half wave rectification 2 - Rectification Electronic Components

  3. Power Supply - Stage 2 • Alternating voltage has to be converted to DC 30 VAC -9.6 VDC Load Half wave rectification 2 - Rectification Electronic Components

  4. Power Supply - Stage 2 19.1 VDC • Alternating voltage has to be converted to DC 30 VAC Full wave rectification RL 2 - Rectification Electronic Components

  5. Power Supply - Stage 3 • Fluctuating voltage has to be smoothed RL RL = 5.1 k C = 33 F Vout = 40VDC with 1V ripple 3 - Filtered Electronic Components

  6. Power Supply - Stage 3 (Filtering) When first turned on capacitor acts as a short. The surge current can damage diodes. This can be reduced by adding a surge resistor. RL RS Electronic Components

  7. Power Supply - Stage 3 (Filtering) A more effective (although more costly) way is to use an inductor to oppose the changes in current. The capacitors in the LC  filter oppose changes in voltage. RL Electronic Components

  8. Power Supply - Stage 4 • Voltage has to be smoothed further RL Zener diode gives constant base voltage. Thus base current is constant and so will be the collector and emitter currents. 4 - Regulation Electronic Components

  9. Graymark 808 Power Supply • Power supply was built from a kit. • Has two 0 - 15V and one 5V • Also has three protoboards • Ideal for doing analogue and digital lab projects Electronic Components

  10. Graymark Power Supply Circuit Board • Bottom plate shows transformer and circuit board Bottom plate Transformer Electronic Components

  11. Graymark Power Supply Filter capacitor IC regulator • Circuit board Rectifier diodes Electronic Components

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