1 / 30

Levers

Levers. Levers are one of the simple machines that were probably used in prehistoric times. Levers were first described about 260 BC by the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes (287-212 BC). Levers.

signa
Télécharger la présentation

Levers

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Levers • Levers are one of the simple machines that were probably used in prehistoric times. Levers were first described about 260 BC by the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes (287-212 BC).

  2. Levers • A lever is a simple machine that makes work easier for use; it involves moving a load around a pivot using a force. Many of our basic tools use levers, including scissors (2 class 1 levers), pliers (2 class 1 levers), hammer claws (a single class 2 lever), nut crackers (2 class 2 levers), and tongs (2 class 3 levers).

  3. Levers • In physics, a lever is a rigid object that is usedwith an appropriate fulcrum or pivot point to multiply the mechanical force that can be applied to another object.

  4. Levers • The lever allows less effort to be expended to move an object a greater distance.

  5. The three classes of levers • A first-class lever is a lever in which the fulcrum is located in between the input force and the output force.

  6. Class 1 levers • Examples: #Seesaw (also known as a teeter-totter) • 1. Crowbar or claw hammer (removing nails) • 2. Pliers (double lever)

  7. The three classes of levers • In a second-class lever the input is located to the far side of the bar, the output is located in the middle of the bar, and the fulcrum is located on the side of the bar opposite to the input.

  8. Class 2 Levers • # Wheelbarrow • # Nutcracker • # Door • # Pry bar • # Stapler • # Diving board

  9. The three classes of levers • Class 3 levers. The input effort is higher than the output load. However, also notice that the input effort moves through a shorter distance than the output load.

  10. The Lever Lab • To determine how levers change the force required to move an object.

  11. Way Cool Levers • The trebuchet is a counterweight siege engine. Basically, alever and a sling.

  12. But First!………...

  13. A bit about Siege Engines • Basically there are three ways to power a machine that throws a projectile. • Flexion • Torsion • Levers

  14. A bit about Siege Engines • Flexion • Which is thebending of a limb or leaf spring. • Bows, crossbows, and the most ancient of large Greek rock throwing and arrow throwing siege engines were Flexion. • The gastrophetes was the firstrecorded arrow throwing siege engine showing up around 399 BC.

  15. A bit about Siege Engines

  16. A bit about Siege Engines

  17. A bit about Siege Engines • Torsion • They have arms similar to the limb of a bow on a crossbow, but the arms are independently powered by bundles of semi-flexible sinew cord wrapped into a frame of wood which are pretensioned and then twisted. • Recorded first around 250 BC.

  18. A bit about Siege Engines

  19. A bit about Siege Engines • The two-armed ballista and catapulta invented by the Greeks and later used by Romans was largely replaced by the Roman onager, which was a much simpler design, using only one arm to propel a rock with a sling.

  20. A bit about Siege Engines

  21. A bit about Siege Engines • In the early Middle Ages, walls and fortifications had become taller and stronger than they ever were in ancient Greek times, and the stone castle was developed, which had walls stronger than most ancient siege engines could destroy.

  22. A bit about Siege Engines • From the Mongolians in the east came the idea for a new type of siege engine, powered by gravity and designed for one purpose; to destroy walls. This was the trebuchet.

  23. Trebuchet • The trebuchet is a Type-1 lever and a sling. In the Type-1 lever, the force is applied to one end, the load is on the other end and the fulcrum sits between the two.

  24. Trebuchet • The sling is the oldest projectile weapon. There is a pouch to hold the projectile and two long strings. Both ends of the string are held in one hand and the sling is swung around and around. Then, at the proper moment, one end of the sling is let go with the other end is still held by the hand

  25. Trebuchet

  26. Historic Counterweight Trebuchet Illustrations Trebuchet from The Romance of Alexander (circa 1330).

  27. Historic Counterweight Trebuchet Illustrations Trebuchet by Kolderer, c1507.

  28. Historic Counterweight Trebuchet Illustrations An early 14th Century trebuchet

  29. Historic Counterweight Trebuchet Illustrations A 13th Century "Mongol" trebuchet

  30. Historic Counterweight Trebuchet Illustrations A fixed-weight trebuchet from the early 16th Century

More Related