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Research Paper Writing and Formatting

Research Paper Writing and Formatting. I’ve found my notes and quotes… now what?. After you gather all of your note cards and create an outline, you are ready to write your paper. Each paper should contain the following main parts: Introduction

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Research Paper Writing and Formatting

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  1. Research Paper Writing and Formatting

  2. I’ve found my notes and quotes… now what? • After you gather all of your note cards and create an outline, you are ready to write your paper. • Each paper should contain the following main parts: • Introduction • Body (3 paragraphs that explain each of your 3 categories) • Conclusion • End with a Works Cited page

  3. Introduction • The introduction of your paper needs to grab your reader’s attention. It may be a creative quote or an interesting fact about the person you chose for your paper. The introduction paragraph must be 5-7 sentences. • The end of your introduction (last sentence) needs to be your thesis statement. Your thesis should be the main point of your entire paper. You know your topic and you know your main points; put them in sentence form.

  4. A thesis statement: • tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion. • is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. • directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel. • makes a claim that others might dispute. • is usually a single sentence somewhere in your first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

  5. Thesis example • You typically want to mention your three topics within your thesis statement. Take out your half sheet of paper, look at the three topics you chose, and form a sentence incorporating the three topics. • Example: Martin Luther King Jr. was raised in a Christian family (background), he volunteered to help various organizations, (contributions) and he was elected Times Person of the Year (T.P.O.T.Y.).

  6. Body Paragraphs • The body of your paper needs to be divided into the 3 sections…one paragraph for each category. • This is where you will display your research. Each paragraph needs to include the minimum number of citations (summaries or quotes) assigned to you at the beginning of the process. (you will need to use 2 citations per body paragraph-this is 6 total citations) • Quotes should be incorporated using “The Quote Sandwich”

  7. THE QUOTE SANDWICH Introduce Quote Quote Explain Quote

  8. How to use ‘thesandwich’! Ways to Introduce Quotations • X states, “__________.” • As the world-famous scholar X explains it, “________.” • As claimed by X, “______.” • In her article _______, X suggests that “_________.” • In X’s perspective, “___________.” • X concurs when she notes, “_______.” Way to Explain Quotations • In other words, X asserts __________. • In arguing this claim, X argues that __________. • X is insisting that _________. • What X really means is that ____________. • The basis of X’s argument is that ___________.

  9. ***ALWAYS INCLUDE PROPER IN-TEXT/PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS AT THE END OF A QUOTE or SUMMARY*** If your source and note cards are numbered properly, this part of the process is simple! ::PAUSE:: Let’s visit pg. 715-716 in the literature book…

  10. Another Example: • Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).  • Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). • Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

  11. Practice makes perfect….. • Let’s just say the quote is “the rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain.” HOW WOULD WE USE THIS PROPERLY IN A PAPER? • First, we would have to introduce it….. • As claimed by Eliza Doolittle, “the rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain” (My Fair Lady). • Then, we would have to explain it… • In other words, Ms. Doolittle asserts that the only area that receives any rain in the country of Spain in the level area of the plain land. Everywhere else in the country is dry and barren. • Quotes that are not introduced are called “dropped quotes.” You will lose credit for simply dropping quotes.

  12. Conclusion • Your conclusion must be the last thing in your actual paper. • It sums up all of your research. • It does NOT restate all of your quotations or facts, but gives a general idea of what you have found in your research process. • It should include a re-stated thesis (in a different sentence structure).

  13. MLA format • Use white 8.5 x 11-inch paper • Double-space the text of your paper • Times New Roman font, size 12 • Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks • 1 inch margins • Header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top. Your last name should precede the page number. • In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text • Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters. • Double space between the title and the first line of the text

  14. MLA format….MORE!!! This is what your 1st page should look like!

  15. Works Cited….. What exactly is it? A Works Cited page is a list of all of the sources you took information from and used in your paper. If you complete your source cards correctly, you simply copy the information from your source cards onto the works cited page (in alphabetical order, by the FIRST word in the citation). If not, you must make corrections to your source cards and THEN list them in alphabetical order on you works cited page.

  16. MLA FORMATTING for THE WORKS CITED PAGE Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper It should have one-inch margins It should have the same last name, page number header as the rest of your paper. Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries. Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations five spaces so that you create a hanging indent List page numbers of sources efficiently, when needed. If you refer to a journal article that appeared on pages 225 through 250, list the page numbers on your Works Cited page as 225-50. For every entry, you must determine the Medium of Publication. Most entries will likely be listed as Print or Web sources, but other possibilities may include Film, CD-ROM, or DVD. Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles (the, an), prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose. Use italics (instead of underlining) for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles). .. “swap out” how it is written on your source cards

  17. What it looks like…… Works Cited “A+ Research & Writing for College and High School Students.” Internet Public Library. 8 June 2002. 20 Nov. 2003. < http://www.ipl.org/div/aplus/>. Abilock, Debbie. “Information Literacy: Search Strategies.” NoodleTeach: 21st Century Literacies. Updated 9 Sept. 2003. NoodleTools, Inc. 19 Nov. 2003. < http://www.noodletools.com/debbie/literacies/information/5locate/adviceengine.html>. “Air raid drill.” War & Peace, Rationing and Rebuilding; 1940s Life in Cottesloe,Western Australia School Days. 24 Nov. 2003. <http://johncurtin.edu.au/1940s/school>. “Checklist for Evaluating Web Resources.” University of Southern Maine. 21 Nov. 2003. < http://library.louisville.edu/government/news/otherlinks/otherlinks.html>.

  18. Writing and Formatting Practice!

  19. Works Cited Activity- Place the following entries in order as they should appear on a Works Cited page. 1) “Architects.” Career Information Center. Eds. Jacqueline Marais et al. 7th ed. Vol. 4.New York: Macmillan Reference, 1999. 114-16.2) “Architects.” Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance. Eds. Holli R. Cosgrove et al. 10th ed. Vol. 2. Chicago: J.G. Ferguson, 1997. 150-53.3) McKay, Dawn Rosenberg. “Building a Career in Architecture.” About.com: Career Planning. 2008. The New York Times Company. 25 March 2008. <http://www.careerplanning.about.com/cs>4) “Career: Architects.” CollegeBoard. 2008. collegeboard.com, Inc. 25 March 2008. <http://www.collegeboard.com/csearch>

  20. YOUR TURN Choosing 4 of the following Disney quotes, I want you to introduce and explain quotes about “the valuable lessons learned through Disney movies”…use the quote sandwich! • "The very things that hold you down are going to lift you up.” - Timothy Mouse from Dumbo • "The flower that blooms in adversity is the most rare and beautiful of all." - The Emperor from Mulan • "Even miracles take a little time." - The Fairy Godmother • “Ohana means family, family means nobody gets left behind. Or forgotten.” -Lilo and Stitch • “You think the only people who are people, are the people who look and think like you. But if you walk the footsteps of a stranger, you'll learn things you never knew you never knew.”-Pocahontas • “The past can hurt. You can either run from it or learn from it.” -The Lion King

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