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William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare . Romeo & Juliet. Childhood. Parents: John Shakespeare and Mary Arden Birthday: April 23, 1564 Born and raised in Stratford upon Avon. Young Adulthood. Married Anne Hathaway in 1582 Children: Suzanna Judith Hamnet. In the beginning.

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William Shakespeare

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  1. William Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet

  2. Childhood • Parents: John Shakespeare and Mary Arden • Birthday: April 23, 1564 • Born and raised in Stratford upon Avon

  3. Young Adulthood • Married Anne Hathaway in 1582 • Children: • Suzanna • Judith • Hamnet

  4. In the beginning • Shakespeare started as an actor for the Lord Chamberlain’s Men (London Theatre) • He was the principal playwright for them • 1599 LCM built Globe Theatre where most of his plays were performed

  5. Shakespeare wrote: • Comedies • Histories • Tragedies • Wrote 37 plays • About 154 sonnets • But started as an actor

  6. The Globe

  7. The theatre • Plays produced for the general public • Roofless or open air • No artificial lighting, meaning all plays were performed during the day • There was a courtyard surrounded by 3 levels of galleries • The actors were only men and boys • Young boys whose voices had not yet changed would play women’s roles.

  8. Spectators • Wealthy got benches • Groundlings were poorer people that stood and watched from the courtyard (“pit”) • All but the wealthy were uneducated/illiterate

  9. Staging Areas • Stage was a platform that extended into the pit • Dressing & Storage rooms in galleries behind and above the stage • Trap door: in bottom of stage, where “ghosts” entered and exited • “Heavens” where angelic beings entered and exited • No scenery • Setting was referenced in dialog • Elaborate costumes • Plenty of props • 2 hours

  10. Globe Continued • The theatre was often closed by Queen Elizabeth I due to disease that was spreading through London. • 1613: A cannon shot during a showing of Henry VIII consumed the theatre in flames • 1614: Theatre was reopened • 1643: Theatre was closed by Puritans who thought that theater was unholy • 1644: Theatre was lit aflame and completely destroyed by those Puritans

  11. The Flag: • Black=Tragedy • Red=History • White=Comedy

  12. Writing • Blank Verse • Unrhymed verse • Iambic (unstressed and stressed) • Pentameter (5 “feet” to a line) • 10 syllables • Prose • Ordinary writing that is not poetry, drama, or song • Only characters in the lower social classes speak this way in Shakespeare’s plays • This was to show how the lower social class in uneducated

  13. Romeo and Juliet • Written about 1595 • Considered a tragedy • West Side Story (movie and musical) based on R&J

  14. Tragedy (Shakespearean) • Drama where the central character/s suffer disaster or great misfortune • In many tragedies, downfall results from • Fate • Character Flaw/fatal flaw • Combination of two • Tragic Hero: the main character of a tragedy

  15. Need to know Vocab • Dynamic Character: character that changes somehow during the course of the plot. They generally change for the better. • Static Character: Character within a story who remains the same. They do not change. They do not change their minds, opinions, or character throughout the play. • Round Character: character who has many personality traits, like real people. • Flat Characters: one-dimensional, embodying only a single trait • Shakespeare often uses them to provide comic relief even in a tragedy

  16. Character Foil: a character whose purpose is to show off another character • Benvolio for Tybalt • Protagonist: the main character in the story to which the theme in centered, “good guy” • Antagonist: the force working against the protagonist, “bad guy”

  17. Literary Devices • Monologue: One person speaking on stage; however, there may be other characters on stage too • Soliloquy: Long speech expressing the thoughts of a character while alone on stage • Ditrect Address: words that tell the reader who is being spoken to • “A right fair mark, fair coz, is soonest hit.” • Comic Relief: Use of comedy within literature that is NOT a comedy to provide “relief” from seriousness or sadness • Aside: Words spoken, usually in an undertone not intended to be heard by all characters

  18. Word Play: any clever use of the double meanings or matching sounds of words • Pun: Humorous use of a word with two meanings sometimes missed by the reader because of Elizabethan language and sexual innuendo Shakespeare LOVED puns!! • Allusion: a reference within a work to something that the audience is expected to know

  19. Dramatic Irony • When the audience knows something that the characters do not.

  20. His death • Died April 23rd, 1616 • 52 years old • Cause of death is unknown

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