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Metadata for Learning

This article explores the relevance and application of metadata in education, focusing on learning objects, reuse, and the use of standards. It discusses current practices and developments in the field and highlights the importance of resources, application profiles, and brokerage systems.

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Metadata for Learning

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  1. Metadata for Learning Tel Aviv 2003-01-26 Frans Van Assche Strategy Manager European Schoolnet

  2. European Schoolnet (EUN) • Organisation of 25 ministries of education • EUN office: 30 people working in Brussels • Lead, share and serve in the field • Educational policymaking • Ministries, European Community, Diff Bodies • Schooling • Teachers, Students, Parents, School managers, Inspectors, Content providers, IT industry • Educational Network Operation • National network operators, International networks

  3. What Business Are We in

  4. Questions and Concerns • Does reuse really work? • Metadata are something of the past. Now we use Google and no-one is metadata tagging anymore. • Why using standards, they are too restrictive. Which standards anyway? The good thing about standards is that there are so many to choose from • You may have these questions yourself or you may encounter people with these questions

  5. But First • Learning technology has redefined terms • Metadata • Learning Object • Reuse • Illustrative Examples

  6. Metadata • Late sixties: Origin in database and software development. Originally: Data about Data; e.g. datatype, description, owner, etc • 1978: Meta-database driving applications • 1995: Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS) • 1995: Dublin (Ohio) Core Metadata Initiative • 1998: European Treasury Browser Project • 1999: DC extensions for education • 2002: Learning Object Metadata. Now in LT: Data about an object • http://orc.dev.oclc.org:5103/metamarda-l/msg00097.html

  7. Curent metadata schemes for Learning Resources • Application Profiles for DC • ELR MES (ETB project) • DC extensions for education • LOM • Standard since June 2002 • Various Application Profiles Under construction • Ottawa agreement to converge

  8. Learning Object • Origin: The Object Oriented Approach in Software Engineering: encapsulated behaviour, information hiding, inheritance, classification, avoiding the ripple effect • Original question: Can we apply OO techniques to the development of multimedia resources to facilitate reuse in education? • The LOM standard defines a Learning Object as any entity, digital or non-digital, that may be used for learning, education or training.

  9. Reuse • Software Engineering • A software engineer develops a piece of software A; (another) software engineer adapts and integrates it as A’ in his own program. Many users use A and A’ • Find, Evaluate, Obtain, Adapt, Integrate • Learning technology • A teacher produces a LO A and uses it in his classroom • The teacher reuses it in another classroom • Another teacher reuses it also in his classroom with or without modifications

  10. Illustrative Examples • Current practice: European Learning Resource Brokerage system • Current development with Learning Objects: The Celebrate project • Current development for School Administration: The Schools Interoperability Framework

  11. Polyhierarchy of Brokerage Systems Intelligent Learning Personalised VLEs Palm, Tablet PC Mobile VLE Brokerage Systems Learning Objects LMS LCMS Learning Resources Repositories Networked School Administration Resources Collaboration Networking CD-ROM PC’s in the Classroom ICT in education PCs in the school Administration

  12. Polyhierarchy of Brokerage Systems Intelligent Learning Personalised VLEs Palm, Tablet PC Mobile VLE Brokerage Systems Learning Objects LMS LCMS Learning Resources Repositories Networked School Administration MM Resources Collaboration Networking CD-ROM, MM PC’s in the Classroom Current practice PCs in the school Administration

  13. What does it take to work? • Resources • An application profile for a metadata system • A brokerage system • Learning Content Management Tools • Learning Management Tools • Economic, organisational feasibility

  14. European Learning ResourceBrokerage System • Result of the European Treasury Browser (ETB) project • Dublin Core Application Profile • Extensions to the DC MES • ELR thesaurus of 1200 terms in 9 languages for schools • Controlled Vocabularies • Resource Description Framework (RDF) binding • 1st generation brokerage system • About 12,000 resource descriptions • Quality descriptors • Collections of trusted resources

  15. ... F ... ... ... S D EUN I ... ... ... ... DK UNI-C ETB Light NNTP Network JRC LUND EUN Thesaurus ..... ..... Fun. Tel. JRC EUN .....

  16. Present Network • INDIRE (Italy) • JRC (Italy) • UNI-C (Denmark) • LUND (Sweden) • DBS (Germany) • EUN • EUN own repository (KMS) • Central • ETB Native repository

  17. DC.Title DC.Creator DC.Subject DC.Description DC.Publisher DC.Contributor DC.Date DC.Type DC.Format DC.Identifier DC.Source DC.Language DC.Relation DC.Coverage DC.Rights Subject Keywords Subject Thumbnail Subject Audio sample Audience – Age Audience – Level Format Medium Format Requirements Format Extent Learning Situation User Comments Aggregation Level DC - ETB

  18. Extending the network • Educasource (France) • CNICE (Spain) • Fundación Telefónica (Spain) • Pedagogic Center of the Jewish Agency (Israel) • FWU München • Ministry of Education, Denmark • Nordisk Ministerlands Sekretariat • Ministry of Education Science and Culture, Iceland • Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Netherlands • Norwegian Board of Education, Norway • Interklasa, Poland • National Agency for Education, Sweden • CTIE/SFIB, Switzerland • Ministry of Education, Finland • Ministry of Education Austria • Local ministries in Austria: Tirol, Vorarlberg • Liechtenstein • Northern Italy (Südtirol) • Southern Germany - Baden Würtenberg

  19. Feedback • Some have difficulty to use RDF • Some don’t want to implement a database yet • Some don’t want to maintain a thesaurus or any other vocabulary • Some don’t want to use PERL • Some don’t want to be dealing with NNTP posts and reads • Some start from scratch but don’t want to install a native repository on top of GIST • Some prefer not to use XML • Some want to avoid developing Repository Management • Some would like to own a collection of ETBMES but prefer to avoid to develop anything

  20. ETB Scenarios NO Own repository? YES Ready to install a Linux machine? Ready to use XML? NO YES Virtual Native Repository Native Repository NO YES Ready to use RDF & Perl? Ready to install perl modules? NO YES YES NO Metadata Toolkit + RIT ETB Light simple XML based Repository Integration Toolkit ETB Light form based Contact: thomas.maier@eun.org

  21. Collections at the EUN EUN Collection ETB posted

  22. Collection level descriptors • Title • Subject • Description • Publisher • Collection Type • URL • Audience • Metadata Language • Resource Language • Logotype • Quality Selection • Country

  23. Polyhierarchy of Brokerage Systems Intelligent Learning Personalised VLEs Palm, Tablet PC Mobile VLE Brokerage Systems Learning Objects LMS LCMS Learning Resources Repositories Networked School Administration Resources Collaboration Networking CD-ROM PC’s in the Classroom In Development PCs in the school Administration

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