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The Public Realm & Sustainability

This document explores the evolution of urban transportation in Raleigh, focusing on the shift from pre-1900 walking and rail systems to the automobile-centric model of today. It highlights the implications of low-density developments that separate activities and contribute to increased vehicle miles traveled per capita. By comparing Raleigh to walkable neighborhoods like Tyson’s Corner and Southern Village, it argues that creating more walkable environments could significantly reduce vehicular traffic, improve sustainability, and enhance community connectivity, ultimately benefiting both individuals and the environment.

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The Public Realm & Sustainability

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  1. The Public Realm &Sustainability Kenneth Bowers, AICP Deputy Planning Director City of Raleigh

  2. The “hoof and foot” city: pre-1900 Walking Horses Inter-city rail Few big cities Small, compact towns Goods movement by water & rail Historic Oakwood Fayetteville Street

  3. Mixed modes: 1900 – 1950 Streetcars Automobiles Passenger rail Metropolitan growth Golden age of downtowns and suburbs Boylan Heights Cameron Park Cameron Village Fayetteville Street

  4. Cars, buses and planes: 1950 – present Cars Airlines Motor buses Eisenhower Interstate system Suburbanization of retail and jobs as well as people Atrophy of public transport 85 – 90% of what surrounds us in the Triangle

  5. The amount of development isn’t all that mattersthe conventional development pattern is served well only by car School Stores • each activity is low density • activities are separated from each other • connections between activities are circuitous 0.3 miles 1.1 miles Homes

  6. Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled Per Capita • 8.7 more miles than national norm • 6.4 more miles than peer metros • 4.4 more miles than the average of the 10 most sprawling metros on the Rutgers sprawl index Source: Texas Transportation Institute, “2005 Urban Mobility Study.”

  7. More People Driving More Miles(change between 1990 and 2003) population and VMT are urbanized area; crashes are core counties

  8. So what?

  9. 27% for transportation

  10. Petroleum Consumption by Use 67% for transportation

  11. Would more walkable places make a difference?

  12. Tyson’s Corner, VA 1.5 million SF of office at the time of study 55% 32 % 53% of Tyson’s Corner workers make a midday auto trip on an average day Source: Hooper, Kevin G., JHK Associates, "Travel Characteristics at Large Scale Suburban Activity Centers," National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 323, October 1989.

  13. A Walkable Workplace: Downtown Raleigh

  14. Mid-week Monthly Parking Demand inMunicipal Parking Decks in Downtown Raleigh - 2% Source: McLaurin Parking—all municipal parking decks for March 21, 2007

  15. What if Downtown Raleigh was like Tyson’s Corner? 40,000 downtown workers × 53% making auto trips = 21,200 midday trips/day 40,000 downtown workers × 2% making auto trips = 800 midday trips/day

  16. What if all office workers in the region traveled like Tyson’s Corner versus Downtown Raleigh? ~36 million square feet of leasable office space in the Research Triangle Region ~180,000 office workers occupying this space Tyson’s Corner Model 180,000 workers × 53% taking a midday auto trip = 95,400 vehicle trips per day Downtown Raleigh Model 180,000 workers × 2% taking a midday auto trip = 3,600 vehicle trips per day Difference is nearly 92,000 trips/day, or 23 million trips/year For comparison purposes, the total weekday volume on I-40 at Page Road is 159,000 trips per day.

  17. A Walkable Neighborhood: Southern Village

  18. Southern Village: Travel Behavior in a Neo-traditional Mixed-Use Development • Automobile trip generation rate significantly lower (by1.6 trips per day per household) than a conventional neighborhood • Higher share of alternative modes—on average only 78.4% of the trips were by personal vehicle, compared with 89.9% in the conventional neighborhood; • Fewer vehicle miles traveled—on average 14.7 fewer miles per day, consistent with shorter trips; • Lower external trips—on average 1.8 fewer external trips per day • Higher internal capture—21.4% of total trips produced, compared with 5.3% in the conventional Khattack, et. al. “Travel Behavior in Neo-Traditional Neighborhood Developments: A Case Study in USA,” p.497 in Transportation Research. Part A: Policy and Practice-Vol 39, Issue 6

  19. What if all urban households in the Triangle lived this way? Based on 350,000 urban households in the region: • 5.1 million fewer miles traveled/day (1.9 billion/year) • 560,000 fewer total trips/day • 630,000 trips/day removed from the thoroughfares Based on average fuel economy of 20 MPG: • 94 million fewer gallons of gasoline consumed/year • 920,000 tons/year of carbon dioxide not emitted into the atmosphere Sources: NC State Demographer; U.S. Energy Information Agency (2001); World Resources Institute; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (2005)

  20. What if the next one million new residents lived this way? ~4,500 round trips to the moon Based on average household size of 2.50: • 5.9 million fewer miles traveled/day (2.1 billion/year) • 640,000 fewer total trips/day • 720,000 trips not added the thoroughfares/day Based on average fuel economy of 25 MPG: • 86 million fewer gallons of gasoline consumed/year • 840,000 tons/year of carbon dioxide not emitted into the atmosphere Sources: U.S. Energy Information Agency (2001); World Resources Institute; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

  21. Walkable places with a great public realm are good for you and good for the planet. www.raleighnc.gov/planning

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