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Precision mass measurements for fundamental studies

This presentation focuses on advancements in precision mass measurements using Penning trap mass spectrometry at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg. Key topics include Q-value measurements for fundamental processes like superallowed beta decay, mirror beta decay, and double beta decay. The significance of these measurements in testing the Standard Model and investigating quark mixing and neutrino properties is highlighted. Achievements in reducing systematic errors and enhancing measurement accuracy contribute to essential studies in nuclear physics.

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Precision mass measurements for fundamental studies

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  1. Precision mass measurements for fundamental studies Tommi Eronen Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Heidelberg, Germany

  2. Outline • Penning trap mass spectrometry • Q = mparent – mdaughter • Masses for CKM unitarity tests... • Superallowed beta decay • Mirror beta decay • Masses for neutrino studies.. • Double beta decay • Double electron capture • Tritium Q-value

  3. Penning Trap Mass Spectrometry Cyclotron frequency Penning trap eigenfrequencies SIDEBAND FREQUENCY INVARIANCE THEOREM

  4. TOF-ICR method For nuclei having T1/2 > 10 ms

  5. A/q doublets! • Q-value measurements • Special – mass doublets, e.g. 76Ge vs 76Se • cancellation of systematic errors • 10x better accuracy achieved • Typical: • q=1e, B=7T, m=100u with 10-9 precision -> Dm = 100 eV • Absolute mass measurements – 10-7..8

  6. QEC values of superallowedbeta emitters

  7. Superallowed beta emitters • Decays of nuclear 0+ → 0+ states, T=1 • Pure Fermi decays • Simple decay matrix element • Characterized with an ft value • f stat. rate function; (fQEC5) • t partial half-life t1/2/b NEED Q-values at 100-eV level

  8. Testing the Standard Model • Corrected value: • Corrections about 1% [Towner and Hardy, Phys. Rev. C 77, 025501 (2008)] • Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix • Quark-mass eigenstates to weak eigenstates Currently 13 transitions contribute

  9. Superallowed beta emitters - QEC Bold: Contributes to world average value (13) • Why so many JYFL points? • Simultaneous production • No chemical selection

  10. Most recent QEC from JYFLTRAP • 10C, 34Ar, 38Ca, (revisited 46V) T. Eronen et al., Phys. Rev. C 83, 055501 (2011)

  11. Ft values The influence of JYFLTRAP QEC value measurements.

  12. Ft-value error budget Most precise From J.C. Hardy, I.S. Towner, Phys. Rev. C 79, 055502 (2009)

  13. Different dC Towner & Hardy, PRC 77, 025501 (2008). Satula et al., PRL 106, 132502 (2011). Liang et al., PRC 79, 064316 (2009).

  14. Standard Model is still ok? With H&T corrections Top-row unitarity requirement: Courtesy of J.C. Hardy

  15. Superallowed outlook • QEC values: 14O, heavier A > 62 • Branching ratios of T=-1 nuclei • Half-lives • Theoretical corrections (DC) A > 62

  16. QEC values of mirrordecays

  17. Mirror decays • T=1/2 decays • Fermi + Gamow-Teller • Need mixing ratio • Currently 5 well known decays O. Naviliat-Cuncic and N. Severijns, PRL 102, 142302 (2009)

  18. Error contributions

  19. Vud from different sources

  20. Mirror decays – TODO • F/GT ratios; LPC-trap, MOTs, WITCH-trap... • RV theoretical calculations • NS - C  measurements of heavy isotopes + theory • Measurements of t1/2, BR and QEC

  21. Precision mass measurements for neutrino physics • Double b- decay • Double electron capture • Tritium Q-value for KATRIN spectrometer

  22. Double beta decays • Double b- decay (bb) and double-electron capture (2EC) • two-neutrino mode (2nbb) and (2n2EC) • neutrinoless mode (0nbb) and (0n2EC) • Observation would prove thatn is a Majorana particle • Conservation of total lepton number breaks • Effective Majorana neutrino mass from half-life

  23. double-electron-capture nuclides double-beta-decay nuclides

  24. Penning trap Q-value harvest... SMILETRAP JYFLTRAP SHIPTRAP LEBIT TRIGATRAP Canadian PT ISOLTRAP FSU

  25. Detection of 0nbb • 2nbb is (huge) background • 76Ge • Heidelberg-Moscow claim • GERDA, MAJORANA experiments • Penning trap mass spectrometry: • Energy of the endpoint! T1/2>1025y T1/2≈1019y

  26. 76Ge Heidelberg-Moscow GERDA has some news soon...

  27. Neutrinoless double-electron capture • Predicted half-lives very long, > 1026 y, not seen yet • Resonant enhancement! KK, KL, LL, .. From Penning trap mass spectrometry!

  28. 0+ to 0+ transitions between nuclear ground states

  29. multiple-resonance phenomena in 156Dy • |M|=3 for 0+→ 0+ T1/2 (0+→0+)~ 31024 y for |m2EC|=1 eV S. Eliseev et al., PRC 84, 012501R (2011)

  30. Tritium (3H) Q-value • Tritium beta decay: • Neutrino with mass: • Endpoint shifted • Spectrum shape changed • Current knowledge:

  31. KATRIN experiment

  32. Endpoint of tritium beta spectrum • Electron neutrino mass with KATRIN: • 10x better - sensitivity 0.2 eV • Goal with Penning traps: • Improve 1.2 eV → 0.03 eV

  33. T-3H Q-value measurements THe-trap 2014 (?)

  34. New technique for Penning trap mass spectrometry • Phase-Imaging motion detection • Measure motion revolutions in the trap • For n+ and n- • Recipe: • Excite the motion (dipolar RF E-field) • Project to magnetron motion • Count revolutions + phase of the last round • Some x10 faster or more precise than TOF-ICR Developed at SHIPTRAP by S. Eliseev et al. (2012->)

  35. B Phase imaging Penning trap position-sensitive detector 2D delay-line MCP

  36. PI-ICR method Eliseev et al., PRL 110, 082501 (2013)

  37. On the Way to Mass Measurements

  38. Summary • Q-values from mass spectrometry for • Testing the Standard Model • Superallowed beta decays (some cases left to measure) • Mirror decays (plenty of cases still to measure) • Neutrino studies • Neutrinoless double beta- decay • Neutrinoless double electron capture • New mass measurement techniques

  39. Thank you for your attention!

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