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Education System in Turkey

Education System in Turkey.

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Education System in Turkey

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  1. EducationSystem in Turkey

  2. AccordingtotheConstitution of theRepublic of Turkey, everycitizen has therighttoeducationwhich is free of chargeforthecompulsoryprimaryeducation. Except in speciallylicensedandforeigninstitutions, Turkishmust be taught as themothertongue. Since 2012, twelveyears of education is compulsaryforboysandgirls, which can be dividedinto 4+4+4 years of schooling.

  3. TheMinistry of NationalEducation (MEB) runseducationaladministration of thecountryand is responsiblefordrawingupcurricula, coordinatingthework of official, privateandvoluntaryorganizations, designingandbuildingschools, developingeducationalmaterialsandso on. TheSupremeCouncil of NationalEducationdiscussesanddecides on curriculaandregulationspreparedbytheMinistry. Intheprovinces, educationalaffairsareorganizedbytheDirectorates of NationalEducationappointedbytheMinister, but workingunderthedirection of theprovincialgovernor.

  4. Thecentralgovernmentis responsibleforalleducationalexpenses of thepublic, about 10% of the general budget is allocatedfornationaleducation

  5. Theacademiccalendargenerallybegins in mid-Septemberandextendsthroughtomid-June, withsomevariationsbetween urban andruralareas. Theschooldayusuallyhave a morningand an afternoonsession, but in overcrowdedschoolsthere is a splitsession. Schoolsare in sessionforfivedays a week (MondaytoFriday) in a total of 35-40 hours. There is a twoweekwinter break betweenJanuary - February.

  6. TheTurkishNationalEducationalSystem is composed of twomainsections: • FormalEducation • Non-formalEducation.

  7. FormalEducation • Formaleducation is theregulareducation of individuals in a certainagegroupandgiven in schools. Thisincludes • Pre-Primaryeducation, • Primaryeducation, • Secondaryeducation • Highereducationinstitutions.

  8. Pre-Primaryeducation • Pre-Primaryeducation is an optionaleducationforchildrenbetween3-5 yearsof agewhoareundertheage of compulsoryprimaryeducation • Pre-schooleducation is given in kindergartens, daycarehomes, nurseryclasses in primaryschools, and in privatenurseries, allunderthesupervision of theMinistry..

  9. PrimaryEducation • Witha newLaw in 2012, fouryears of Elementaryschool + fouryears of Middleschool is compulsorytoday, followedbyfouryears of compulsoryhighschooleducation (makes a total of 12 yearscompulsaryeducation). Primaryeducation is compulsoryforallboysandgirls at theage of 5,5, and is givenfree of charge in publicschools. Theseschoolsprovideeight (4+4) years of education.

  10. Thepurpose of theprimaryeducation is toensurethateverychildacquiresthebasicknowledge, skills, behaviors, andhabitstobecome a goodcitizen, is raised in linewiththenational moral conceptsand is preparedfor life andforthenexteducationlevelparallelto his/her interestsandskills. At theend of 8 years, successfulstudentsgofortheSecondaryeducationfor 4 moreyears.

  11. SecondaryEducation • Secondaryeducation is compulsoryforfouryearsandcoversgeneral, vocationalandtechnicalhighschools(Lycees, Lise in Turkish) thatprovidefouryears of education (usedto be 3 yearsuntil 2005).

  12. General highschools preparestudentsforhigherlearninginstitutions.

  13. Vocationalandtechnicalhighschoolsprovidespecializedinstructionwiththeaim of trainingqualifiedpersonnel. • Technicallyceesincludespecialformationssuch as electricity, electronics, chemistry, machinery, motors, building, etc. • Vocationallyceescan be IndustrialVocationalLycees; Girls' VocationalLycees (homeeconomicsetc.), PublicHealthVocationalLycees, CommercialVocationalLycees, AgriculturalVocationalLycees, etc.

  14. Thepurpose of secondaryeducation • Togivestudents a minimum commonculture, toidentifyindividualandsocialproblems, tosearchforsolutions, toraiseawareness in ordertocontributetothesocio-economicandculturaldevelopment of thecountryandtopreparethestudentsforhighereducation, forprofession, for life andforbusiness in linewiththeirinterestsandskills.

  15. Most of thehighschoolsareownedbytheStateandprovidefreeeducationalopportunities. Inordertoprovideequalopportunitiesforthechildrenwithlimitedfinances, thereareStatehighschoolswithboardingfacilities. Theseschoolsarefree of chargeandthestudentsareplacedaccordingtotheresults of an examination. Therearealsomanyprivatehighschools, whicharepaidbytheparents, of course.

  16. HigherEducation • TurkishuniversitiesareRepublicaninstitutions, followingAtatürk'sprinciples. Universities, faculties, institutes, highereducationschools, conservatories, vocationalhighereducationschools, policeandmilitaryacademiesandcolleges, andapplication-researchcentersareconsidered as HigherEducationinstitutions.

  17. Afterhighschool, • thegraduatesenter a two-stageexaminationsystemknown as YGS and LYS (formerlyknown as ÖSS - StudentSelectionExamination) in orderto be admittedtoHigherEducationinstitutions.

  18. Thisnation-widecentralizedexaminationsareadministratedbytheStudentSelectionandPlacementCenter (ÖSYM) everyyear, whichdeterminescandidatesfortheenrollmentof eachuniversityandfaculty • afterevaluatingthegrades of relatedsubjects, • theirhighschoolaverageresults • andtheirpreferencesaccordingtothestudentcapacity of eachfaculty.

  19. Non-FormalEducation • Non-formaleducation in Turkey is offeredby a network of trainingcenterswhoaresupervisedbytheMinistry of NationalEducation (MEB). Non-formaleducationservicesaimtoteachreading-writing, helptocontinueeducation of studentsforfinishtheirincompleteeducation, teachbalancednutritionand a healthy life style, teachpeoplefromvariousprofessionstheknowledgeandskillstheyneedtoimprovethemselves, andso on.

  20. There is alsoDistanceHigherEducationwhich is offered at theOpenEducationFaculty of Anadolu University. This program lastsfor 2 or 4 years.

  21. Thankyou.

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