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Adopting Price. Eman Abu Shammala. Meaning of price . Prices were set by negotiation between buyers and sellers. "Bargaining" is still a sport in some areas. Adapting the price . Companies will adapt the price to varying condition in the marketplace
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Adopting Price Eman Abu Shammala
Meaning of price • Prices were set by negotiation between buyers and sellers. "Bargaining" is still a sport in some areas
Adapting the price • Companies will adapt the price to varying condition in the marketplace • Geographical pricing is one marketplace adjustment based on a company decision related to pricing distant customers (cash, counter , trade , barter ). • Price discounts and allowances are a second area for adjustment where the company establishes Cash discount
Quantity discounts: the more you buy, the cheaper it becomes – cumulative and non cumulative. • Functional discounts: discount offered by a manufacture to trade-channel member if they will perform certain functions. • Seasonal discount • Allowances: an extra payment designed to gain reseller participation in special programs.
Promotional pricing provides a third marketplace option, with the company deciding on loss-leader pricing, loss leader pricing– to stimulate traffic • Cash rebates – to encourage purchase within a specified time period. • Low-interest financing– to facilitate purchase • Longer payment terms—for lower monthly payments • Warranties and service contracts—added value • Psychological discounting—set an artificially high initial price
Discriminatory pricing, the forth option, enables the company to establish different prices for different customer segment, product forms, brand images, places, and times. • Price discrimination works when: • Market segments show different intensities of demand • Cost of segmenting and policing the market does not exceed extra revenue • Image pricing—same product at two different levels • Channel pricing (location pricing)—same product priced differently at different locations • Time pricing-- same product priced differently at different day, time or season
Product mix pricing, enables the company to determine price zones for several products in a product line, as well as differential pricing for optional features, captive products, byproduct, and product bundels