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UWB Ad Hoc Report

UWB Ad Hoc Report. Daniel P. Mullen Craig K. Harmon. Technology. 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz Low-cost pulse-based communications Low power consumption High penetration High data rate (up to 500 Mbps) High security. 1. Typical C-Band UWB Burst. Normalized Amplitude. 0. -. 1. 0. 2. 4. 6.

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UWB Ad Hoc Report

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  1. UWB Ad Hoc Report Daniel P. MullenCraig K. Harmon

  2. Technology • 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz • Low-cost pulse-based communications • Low power consumption • High penetration • High data rate (up to 500 Mbps) • High security

  3. 1 Typical C-Band UWB Burst Normalized Amplitude 0 - 1 0 2 4 6 8 Time (nanoseconds) What is Ultra Wideband • Short Pulse Electromagnetics (“impulse”) • Short, nanosecond, bursts of microwave energy • High peak-to-average • Low probability of detection • High multipath immunity • High energy efficiency (battery life) • Precision ranging and localization • Large applications space • Radar • Communications • Precision Ranging • Precision Localization (RTLS) • RFID Time Response With appreciation to MSSI

  4. History • Used historically as a communications technique, akin to Bluetooth • Proprietary examples of UWB technologies in RFID and RTLS • No RFID or RTLS standards to date

  5. By 1980, over 100 UWB patents had been issued! 2010 2007 UWB approved for use in Europe (August 2007) 2007 High power UWB waiver (safety applications March 2007) 2005 FCC Second Report & Order (5.925-7.25 GHz, 16.2-17.7 GHz, 23.12-29.0 GHz) 2000 2002 FCC First Report & Order (<0.96 GHz, 1.99-10.6 GHz, 3.1-10.6 GHz, 22-29 GHz) 1998 FCC Notice of Inquiry on UWB technology for use under “Part 15” 1990 1990 OSD/DARPA “Assessment of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Technology” 1986 First fielded “short pulse” UWB Communications system (Ross/Fontana) 1980 1978 Ross et al. – First demonstrated (free space) UWB communications system 1978 Bennett & Ross – “Time-Domain Electromagnetics and Its Applications” 1978 Morey – Fundamental patent UWB GPR (U.S. Pat. 3,806,795 April 1973) 1973 Ross – Fundamental patent UWB communications (U.S. Pat. 3,728,632 April 1973) 1972 Robbins – Fundamental patent Single-pulse, quantum tunneling detector 1970 1965 G. Ross – Sperry Research development of UWB technology (1965-1980) 1963 G. Ross – Ph.D. thesis (with A. Papoulis) on time-domain electromagnetics 1962 Hewlett-Packard releases first time-domain sampling oscilloscope 1960 1957 Esaki invents tunnel diode 1st physical demonstration of quantum tunneling (Nobel Prize 1973) With appreciation to MSSI

  6. Players • Agilent Technologies • AirGATE • Hitachi (YRP Labs) • Martec • University of Turku • Time Domain • Parco • Aeroscout • Ubisense • Zebra Enterprise Solutions • WhereNet (2450 MHz) • Multispectral Solutions, Inc. (MSSI)

  7. FCC UWB 1st Report & Order14 Feb 2002 Technical Requirements Fractional BW =0.2 or 500 MHz -10dB BW Peak 0 dBm/50 MHz Ave -41.3 dBm/MHz • Created Part 15 Subpart F • Permissible Applications (Coordinated with NTIA) • Low frequency imaging systems (below 960 MHz) 15.509 • GPR and through wall imaging systems • Requires users to be eligible for licensing under Part 90 • Mid-frequency imaging systems (1.99 to 10.6 GHz) 15.511 • Through wall imaging and fixed surveillance systems • Requires Part 90 eligibility and frequency coordination • High-frequency imaging systems (3.1-10.6 GHz) 15.513 • GPR, through wall imaging and medical imaging systems • GPR & through wall imaging requires Part 90 eligibility and frequency coordination • Vehicular radar systems (22-29 GHz) 15.515 • Field disturbance sensors operated on terrestrial transportation vehicles • Additional restrictions to protect satellite operation in the 23.6-24 GHz band • Indoor UWB systems (3.1-10.6 GHz) 15.517 • Must guarantee that outdoor use cannot occur (e.g., fixed indoor infrastructure) • Transmit only when sending to associated receiver • Hand held UWB systems (3.1-10.6 GHz) 15.519 • Transmit only when sending to associated receiver (cease transmission within 10 sec if no ack) • Antennas may only be mounted on the handheld device (no outdoor infrastructure) • May operate both indoors and outdoors With appreciation to MSSI

  8. FCC UWB 2nd Report & Order15 Dec 2004 Technical Requirements 5925-7250 MHz 50 MHz -10dB BW 16.2-17.7 23.12-29.0 GHz 10 MHz -10dB BW Peak 0 dBm/50 MHz Ave -41.3 dBm/MHz • Created Part 15.250 and 15.252 • Part 15.250 (5925-7250 MHz) • -10 dB bandwidth at least 50 MHz • Minimal restrictions on usage • No aircraft, satellite or toy use • Fixed outdoor infrastructure prohibited • Except for operation on ships or terrestrial transportation vehicles • Part 15.252 (16.2-17.7 and 23.12-29.0 GHz) • Limited use to field disturbance sensors located on terrestrial transportation vehicles • No aviation applications • 16.2-17.7 GHz band only for backup sensors • No operation in the 23.6-24.0 GHz segment • -10 dB bandwidth at least 10 MHz With appreciation to MSSI

  9. FCC UWB Waiver15 March 2007 Technical Requirements 5925-7250 MHz 50 MHz -10dB BW Peak +12.75 dBm/50 MHz Ave -41.3 dBm/MHz Automatic Deactivation Duty cycle 0.1% in each second • Modification to Part 15.250 • Part 15.250 Waiver (5925-7250 MHz) • -10 dB bandwidth at least 50 MHz • +12.75 dB above maximum 15.250 limits • Duty cycle limitation 0.1% as measured in 1 second • Automatic deactivation when tagged item leaves site • Permissible Installations • Petroleum, gas, nuclear, steel and chemical production and processing facilities • Manufacturing and storage facilities for energy materials, radioactive substances and explosive components • Prisons • Heavy industry and heavy construction sites • Mining, ore processing and excavation operations • Emergency and disaster locations • Shipyard and dock works • Lumber and paper processing mills With appreciation to MSSI

  10. 2007 U.S. UWB MarketFCC Equipment Certifications • 31 Companies with 90 FCC Certifications • Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, Taiwan, UK and US • Application Areas • Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) • 7 companies with 38 certified devices • High-speed Wireless • 15 companies with 28 certified devices • Real-time Tracking • 3 companies with 9 certified devices • Automotive Radar • 3 companies with 5 certified devices • See-through Wall Radars • 1 company with 3 certified devices • UWB Test Equipment • 3 companies with 3 certified devices • UWB Radars • 2 companies with 2 certified devices • Low-speed Wireless (e.g., audio) • 1 company with 2 certified devices Data taken from FCC website as of August 2007

  11. International Regulatory EnvironmentJapan/Korea • Japan/Korea (1 August 2006) • 7.25 – 10.25 GHz • 3.4 – 4.8 GHz with DAA (Detect & Avoid) [w/o DAA until 31 December 2008] • 21.65-29.5 GHz and 77-81 GHz (vehicular radar) • Below 960 MHz and 3.4 – 10.6 GHz (imaging devices) • Transmission speed of 50 Mbps or higher required (might be removed in 2008) • Power levels commensurate with US FCC (-41.3 dBm/MHz average, 0 dBm/50 MHz peak) With appreciation to MSSI

  12. International Regulatory EnvironmentEurope • Europe (21 February 2007) • 6.0 – 8.5 GHz • 3.4 – 4.8 GHz with low duty cycle mitigation • 5 milliseconds duration, 5% duty cycle per second, 0.5% duty cycle per hour • 4.2 – 4.8 GHz w/o mitigation techniques until 31 December 2010 • UK Ofcom “The Wireless Telegraphy (Ultra-Wideband Equipment) (Exemption) Regulations 2007” • Power levels commensurate with US FCC (-41.3 dBm/MHz average, 0 dBm/50 MHz peak) With appreciation to MSSI

  13. International Regulatory EnvironmentSingapore • Singapore (24 Sept 2007, Final approval expected 31 December 2007) • 3.4 – 10.6 GHz (consumer and business data) • 3.4 – 4.8 GHz requires DAA (detect & avoid) • 4.2 – 4.8 GHz without DAA until 31 December 2010 • 21.65-29.5 GHz and 77-81 GHz (vehicular radar) • Below 960 MHz and 3.4 – 10.6 GHz (imaging devices) • Power levels commensurate with US FCC (-41.3 dBm/MHz average) With appreciation to MSSI

  14. Standards IEEE 802.14.4a - IEEE Standard for Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — Local and metropolitan area networks — Specific requirements Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) New Work Item Proposal – JTC 1/SC 31/WG 5 – To be submitted by Zebra Enterprise Solutions

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  16. Thank you!!!

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