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M.Y. Artiushenko 1 , V.A. Voronko 1 , V.V. Sotnikov 1 , Y.T. Petrusenko 1 , M.G. Kadykov 2 ,

Investigation of (n,g) and (n,f) reactions using the uranium assembly “QUINTA-M” irradiated by relativistic deuterons. M.Y. Artiushenko 1 , V.A. Voronko 1 , V.V. Sotnikov 1 , Y.T. Petrusenko 1 , M.G. Kadykov 2 , S.I. Tyutyunnikov 2 , W. Furman 2 , V.V. Chilap 3 , A.V. Chinenov 3.

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M.Y. Artiushenko 1 , V.A. Voronko 1 , V.V. Sotnikov 1 , Y.T. Petrusenko 1 , M.G. Kadykov 2 ,

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  1. Investigation of (n,g) and (n,f) reactions using the uranium assembly “QUINTA-M” irradiated by relativistic deuterons M.Y. Artiushenko1,V.A. Voronko1, V.V. Sotnikov1, Y.T. Petrusenko1, M.G. Kadykov2, S.I. Tyutyunnikov2, W. Furman2, V.V. Chilap3, A.V. Chinenov3 1National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, NAS Kharkov, Ukraine 2Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia 3Center of Physic and Technical Projects “Atomenergomash”, Moscow, Russia The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  2. to obtain spatial distributions of  density  of radiative capture reactions (the number of accumulating 239Pu nuclei) and density of 238U fissions in the volume of uranium target of  assembly "QUINTA-M"; to obtain spatial distribution of spectral indices; to determine the total number of 238U fissions and total amount of 239Pu, accumulated at the volume of uranium target of assembly "QUINTA-M"; to compare obtained experimental results in dependence on the energy of deuteron beam (per unit of beam power). Main purposes of this work 2 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  3. № 6 Detector’s plates № 5 mU≈ 500 kg № 4 № 3 № 2 mtarget≈ 540 kg № 1 Sections №2,3,4,5 Section №1 Beam window Experimental assembly “QUINTA-M” 3 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  4. Location of detectors on the plate 5 5 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 R = -80 mm 1 R = 0 2 R = 40 mm 3 R = 80 mm 4 R = 120 mm Sections№2,3,4,5 Section №1 Detector plates The scheme of natU foils location on the detector plate, used in the experiment. Each plate had 5 positions at different distances from the radial symmetry axis of the target Location of the detector plate 4 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  5. Before the irradiation the target was carefully adjusted to the direction of the Nuclotron beam using polaroid films, i.e. the longitudinal axis of a target was combined with a direction of Nuclotron beam. The traces of one bunch of beam particles on polaroid film placed in front of the target Experimental assembly “QUINTA-M” at the irradiation position Beam input window 5 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  6. The following values of the deuteron beam intensity were obtained: 2 GeV 3.00·1013 4 GeV 2.70·1013 8 GeV 0.89·1013 Determination of total beam intensity Monitoring of the total intensity of deuteron beams was carried out using standard method of activation of aluminum foil by reaction 27Al(d, x)24Na. After the end of irradiation, the total yield of 24Na was determined using HPGe detector. The cross sections of the reaction for the used deuteron energies were determined using the method described in the [1] and were 15.6 mb(2 GeV), 14.6 mb(4 GeV), 14.0 mb(8 GeV). [1] [Adam I. et al. The Study of Spatial Distributions of Neutron Capture and Fission Reactions in Massive Uranium Target Irradiated by Deuterons with Energies of 1-8 GeV (“Quinta” Setup) // PreprintJINRP1-2012-147.] 6 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  7. Determination of the accumulated plutonium The number of 238U neutron radiative capture reactions corresponds to the number of 239Pu nuclei, which are formed by the chain of 239U β-decay: 238U(n,γ)239Uβ- (23,54 min) →239Npβ- (2,36 d) →239Pu After the irradiation of uranium assembly  γ-spectra of irradiated uranium foils were measured. Before measurementuranium foilswere exposed for more than 4 hours to reach 99.9% of the decays of 239U. The number of neutron capture reactions of uranium-238 was determined by measuring the activity of the 239Np nuclide. 7 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  8. Mass distribution of fission products of natU at different neutron energies Using the measured data for the fission products, whose yields per fission by neutrons are close in a wide energy range, we can determine the number of 238U fission reactions. According to available literature data these yields (for used fragments) are slightly dependent on the energy of fast neutrons (up to 22 MeV). 97Zr (5.7%) 131I (3.6%) 133I (6.3%) 143Ce(4.3%) Thecumulativeyield, averaged over data for neutrons with energy 2-22МeV is shown in brackets. 8 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  9. Comparison of results at the different deuteron energies Radial distributions of density of natU(n,g) reactions, density of natU(n,f) reactions and spectral indices per 1 deuteron per 1 GeV 9 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  10. 10 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  11. Density distributions of natU(n,g) and natU(n,f) reactions over the QUINTA’s volume 11 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  12. Density distributions of natU(n,g) and natU(n,f) reactions over the QUINTA’s volume 12 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  13. Comparison of results of “QUINTA-M” (March 2011) and “QUINTA-M + Pb” (December 2012)at the deuteron energy 2 GeV Density distribution of 239Pu production and 238U fissions in assembly “QUINTA-M” per 1 deuteron per 1 GeV. Deuteron energy was 2 GeV. 13 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  14. Comparison of results of “QUINTA-M” (March 2011) and “QUINTA-M + Pb” (December 2012) at the deuteron energy 4 GeV Density distribution of 239Pu production and 238U fissions in assembly “QUINTA-M” per 1 deuteron per 1 GeV. Deuteron energy was 4 GeV. 14 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  15. Average spatial distributions of (n,g), (n,f) reactions and spectral index Densities of the number of fissions, the number of plutonium nuclei and spectral indices averaged over the radial cross sections of the uranium target. The maximum values of density of fission and plutonium accumulation is approximately at a distance of about 120 mm from the entrance of the beam at the target. This is observed for all similar axial distributions of deuterons energies from 2 to 8 GeV. 15 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  16. Integral distribution of (n,γ) reaction (dependencies on uranium target radius) 16 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  17. Integral distribution of (n,f) reaction (dependencies on uranium target radius) 17 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  18. Integral numbers of 239Pu accumulation and natU fission in the volume of uranium target of assembly “QUINTA-M” 18 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  19. Conclusions The spectral index changes from the deuteron beam axis to the periphery of the uranium target from about 0.3 to 1 for “QUINTA-M” and does not depend on the energy of the primary beam for 2, 4 and 8 GeV deuteron. The total number of fissions in the volume of uranium target of “QUINTA-M”, that was defined by activation method, remains approximately constant within our statistical errors for all energies of the deuteron beam in the range from 2 to 8 GeV (per a deuteron and per 1 GeV primal energy of the deuteron). The total number of accumulating 239Pu nuclei in the whole volume of the uranium target, calculated per a deuteron and per 1 GeV energy of the deuteron, does not depend on the primal energy of the deuteron beam, but increases by more than 50% in the presence of a lead blanket. 19 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  20. Conclusions Type of spatial distributions of the density of number of uranium fission and the number of accumulating 239Pu per unit of power of the primary deuteron beam energy depends on the deuteron energy: the growth of primary energy deuterons decreases the number density of uranium fission and the number of 239Pu nuclei accumulation in the near zone to the entrance of the deuteron beam at the target and at the same time, there is an increase in the density of uranium fission and 239Pu accumulation to the periphery of the target. For a given sizes of uranium targets of “QUINTA-M” assembly, for a deuteron energies exceeding 1 GeV, we can’t experimentally estimate (at least, by the activation technique) required size of the uranium target, satisfying it quasi-infinity and, therefore, it is impossible to estimate the total number of fissions and accumulated 239Pu nuclei for quasi-infinite target. This requires the measurement of uranium targets of larger mass. 20 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  21. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the operating crew of the Nuclotron accelerator of LHE, JINR Dubna, all members of collaboration and particularly head of the project S.Tyutyunnikov 21 The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

  22. Thank you for your attention !!! Maryna Artiushenko “CYCLOTON” Science & Research Establishment National Science Center «Kharkov Institute of Physics & Technology», art@kipt.kharkov.ua

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