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6 th Grade. Chapter 16 The Early Americas Study Guide. 1. What might have happened to the M aya civilization if the cities had stopped warring with one another?. Maya civilization might not have collapsed in the 900’s. 2. Describe Maya cities. Included large stone pyramids and temples.
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6th Grade Chapter 16 The Early AmericasStudy Guide
1. What might have happened to the Maya civilization if the cities had stopped warring with one another? • Maya civilization might not have collapsed in the 900’s.
2. Describe Maya cities. • Included large stone pyramids and temples
3. How was the Maya ball game similar to today’s basketball? • Both are based on getting a ball through a ring.
4. Why did Maya cities battle with one another? • Control of the land
5. What can you infer about the natural resources used in Maya warfare? • Obsidian was an important resource used in Maya warfare.
6. Which factor in the decline of maya civilization was completely beyond the control of the Maya? • Drought made it difficult for farmers to grow crops.
7. Describe Mayan society. • The lower classes provided food and labor • The upper classes led religious ceremonies
8. What happened to soldiers after the Maya captured them in battle? • The soldiers became slaves
9. Which factor makes the architecture of Maya buildings most outstanding? • Obsidian tools were used to cut the limestone into blocks.
10. Describe the first Aztecs and where they lived. • The first Aztecs were farmers from what is now northern Mexico.
11. What key role did many merchants perform for the Aztec emperors? • Merchants were spies, alerting the emperors to possible troubles in other regions.
12. What were the key factors in the rise of the Aztec Empire? • Some key factors in the rise of the Aztec Empire are: • War • Tribute • Trade
13. What did the Spaniards unknowingly bring with them that helped them conquer the Aztecs? • Deadly diseases, such as smallpox
14. What role did horses play in the conquest of the Aztecs? • Horses were large and powerful and the Aztecs were terrified of them.
15. When the sons of Aztec nobles were sent to special schools, what were they taught? • The sons of the Aztec nobles were taught to be government officials, military leaders, or priest.
16. Where did the first Incas live? • The first Incas lived in the Andes Mountains.
17. Describe life for the lower class Incas. • Lower-class Incas were farmers, artisans, servants, or slaves • Most lower class children did not go to school • Parents taught their children to work • Inca law forced lower-class citizens to wear plain clothes
18. What event took place soon before the Spaniards arrived and led to the fall of the Inca Empire? • Before the Spaniards arrived, a drought caused a terrible famine and led to the fall of the Inca Empire.
19. Describe Inca buildings. • Inca buildings were used to store food • The stone cutting was so precise that no cement was needed • Some of the buildings were used for religious purposes
20. What were the primary factors that helped the Spanish conquer the Aztecs? • Spanish invaders had superior weapons, horses, European diseases, and existing problems with the American Empires like drought.
21. How did the Maya change their environment to improve city life? • The Maya terraced land for farming, paved areas for public gatherings, and built canals.
22. How did the Aztecs adapt their physical environment to create additional land for farming? • Because the land was swampy the Aztecs created floating gardens (chinampas) made of soil piled on top large rafts.
23. Why was Cierzo de Leon important? • Cieza de León, Pedro (pā`thrōthēā`thädālāōn`), 1518?–1560, Spanish soldier and explorer in South America. His Chronicle of Peru is one of the most richly detailed accounts of the Spanish conquest.
23. Why was Cierzo de Leon important? • The Spanish conquistador Ciezo de Leon wrote that the Inca road system ran “through deep valleys and over mountains, through piles of snow, quagmires (marshy land)… in some places it ran smooth and paved, carefully laid out, in others over sierras (mountains), cut through the rock, with walls skirting the rivers…” • Ciezo had probably never seen anything like this road system through the Andes Mountains in Spain.
24. What obstacles did the Aztecs overcome in building their capital city? • The Aztecs built their capital on a swampy island in the middle of a lake. It was hard to get to and from the city. Another problem was the lack of good farmland.
A. Most Jade was mined near which natural feature? Motagua River
B. Near what city was most obsidian located? Kaminaljuya and/or Copan
C. Approximately how many miles is it from Pledras to Uaxactun? 100 miles
D. Approximately how many miles is it from kaminalijuyu to Uaxactun? 200 miles
F. What natural resources are located near Quirigua? Cotton and Jade
H. Approximately how many kilometers is it from Mayapan to Tulum? 200 kilometers
J. What resources are located along the Maya trade routes? Rivers, and water (water routes)
K. What are some natural features Maya trade routes followed? Rivers, coastlines, water routes
L. What two resources were mostly found in the lowland region of the Maya Territory? Cotton and Obsidian
