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Overview of Physical Geography and Tectonic Activity in Southwest Asia

Southwest Asia is characterized by dramatic physical geography shaped by tectonic activity, including significant mountain ranges such as the Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey and the Zagros Mountains in southern Iran. This region is bordered by vital water bodies, including the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, and the Persian Gulf. Key straits such as the Strait of Hormuz and Bosporous Strait, along with river systems like the Jordan River, contribute to the area's strategic importance and ecological diversity.

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Overview of Physical Geography and Tectonic Activity in Southwest Asia

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  1. Southwest Asia

  2. Physical Geography
  3. Tectonic Activity
  4. Mountains Taurus Mountains Southern Turkey Zagros Mountains Southern Iran
  5. Water Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Arabian Sea Persian Gulf Arabian Gulf Strait of Hormuz Bosporous Strait Dardanelles Jordan River Tigris & Euphrates Rivers
  6. Climate Water is the region’s most important resource Mediterranean climate in some areas Dry, semi-arid or arid in most other places
  7. Culture
  8. Countries & Languages Speak Arabic Bahrain Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen Non-Arab Countries Iran: Persian Israel: Hebrew Turkey: Turkish
  9. Major Cities Istanbul Jerusalem Mecca Tehran Baghdad
  10. Art & Architecture Artwork and architecture reflects religious diversity Mosques & minarets Churches Synagogues More tomorrow!
  11. Economy/Human Impact
  12. Life Wide range in per capita incomes and levels of development in the region Great variation in standard of living Ranges from very wealthy to poverty-stricken
  13. “Black Gold” & the Economy Main exports: Petroleum & oil products Over 60% of world’s oil reserves About 50% of world’s natural gas reserves Use petrochemicals (derived from oil/natural gas) for fertilizer, plastic, medicine and paint
  14. Service Industries Rapid urbanization/modernization has led to growth of the service industry Major role in economies Banking, real estate, insurance, tourism, etc. i.e Bahrain: 60% of GDP
  15. Transportation Waterways are key for shipping Oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz & Persian Gulf Extensive road systems in Iran and Turkey Gov’ts building more transit systems to connect urban & rural populations Subway in Istanbul
  16. Trade & Interdependence Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Algeria, Libya, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, & United Arab Emirates Oil dependency means that OPEC has a lot of influence Economic disparity between oil-rich and oil-poor countries
  17. Human Impact Persian Gulf War (1990-1991) Burning oil wells  smoke pollution affected birds Dumping oil into Persian Gulf  Fish & other marine life died Iraq War (2003-2011) Lebanon-Israel (2006) Dumped oil into Mediterranean Sea
  18. The End 
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