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Epidemiological Transition

Epidemiological Transition. Higher CDRs that follow the DTM. Objectives. Today we will be able to identify those factors that have lead to higher CDRs in the world at different stages of the DTM. The Epidemiological Transition.

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Epidemiological Transition

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  1. Epidemiological Transition Higher CDRs that follow the DTM

  2. Objectives Today we will be able to identify those factors that have lead to higher CDRs in the world at different stages of the DTM.

  3. The Epidemiological Transition • Identifying the distinct causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition and how that relates to epidemiology • Epidemiology - The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution and control of diseases. • Epidemiologists rely on geographic concepts to control and prevent epidemics • Scale and connection

  4. Stage 1: Stage of Pestilence and Famine • Historically, infectious and parasitic diseases caused human deaths • Malthus – “Natural Checks” • Irish Potato Famine • The Black Death

  5. Stage 2: Stage of Receding Pandemics • Pandemic – a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. • The industrial and medical revolutions helped reduce the spread of infectious diseases. • Death rates did not decline immediately • Urban poor still impacted • LDCs entering stage 2 of DTM

  6. Stage 3: The Stage of Degenerative and Human Created Diseases • A decrease in deaths from infectious diseases and an increase in chronic disorders associated with aging. • Increase in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc… • Decrease in polio, measles, neonatal tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis

  7. Stage 4: Stage of Delayed Degenerative Diseases • Causes of death in stage 3 still occur, but people live longer • Life expectancy of older people increases due to medical advances. • Healthier lifestyles

  8. Possible Stage 5: Stage of Reemergence of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases • Infectious diseases thought to have been eradicated reappear or new ones emerge. • Evolution – Microbes have evolved to resist drugs and insecticides • Malaria • Poverty – Diseases still impact LDCs • TB • Improved Travel – Pandemics possible due to diffusion • H1N1, Ebola

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