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Comprehensive Overview of Leprosy: Causes, History, and Current Status

This presentation by Dr. Md. Asadozzaman provides an in-depth look at leprosy, a chronic and communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Deriving its name from Greek and ancient terms, leprosy has caused suffering since ancient times, with historical references dating back to the Vedas and treatment methods described in Sushruta Samhita. The presentation explores the epidemiology, risk populations, and current statistics in Bangladesh, highlighting that 75% of cases are found in Southeast Asia. It also details diagnostic techniques and the protocol for multidrug therapy.

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Comprehensive Overview of Leprosy: Causes, History, and Current Status

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  1. BASIC FACTS OF LEPROSY • Presented by DR. Md. Asadozzaman Asstt. Registrar of Dermatology & Venereology, MMCH Chief Guide : Dr. Shahab Uddin Ahmed Chowdhury Asso. Prof. of Dermatology & Venereology,MMCH Date : 20.10.2003

  2. Origin of the Name • Lepros – Greek Word means scaly • Kustha from ‘Kusthani’ means eaten away • Leper – means person suffering from leprosy

  3. Definition Most chronic, communicable, grannulomatous, infectious disease, primarily of skin & peripheral nerves but may involve all organs of the body except CNS, GIT & Lungs, caused by Mycobacterium Leprae.

  4. Historical Background • Oldest scourge of man kind • Probably originated in India • The Vedas written about instruction for prevention of Leprosy in 1400 B.C.

  5. Contd………… • First authentic description and treatment with chaulmoogra oil is given in Sushruta Samita in 600 B.C. • The Hindo’s Lord Krishno’s son Samba had developed kustha

  6. Contd…… • Mycobacterium Leprae Bacilli first discovered by Norway Scientist Hansen in 1873. He had made unsuccessful attempt to infect himself as well as his chief and Father-in-Law Dr. Danielssen with material from leprosy patient.

  7. Population at risk in the world – 1.6 Billions Total No of Leprosy cases in the world 1.5 Millions Endemic areas – 83% of Leprosy cases concentrated in only 5 countries – India, Brazil, Nigeria, Myanmar & Indonesia. Nearly 75% of world’s Leprosy patients are in South East Asia. Highest No of Leprosy – In India (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh) Epidemiology

  8. Contd…………. • Highly prevalent in Central Africa • Incubation Period : 2 – 5 years • Source of Infection : Infected Human considered as the only Source of Leprosy • Mode of Transmission: Close & prolonged contact is necessary, the nose is the prime portal of exit of the Bacilli. • High Natural Immunity – 95% • Affects all ages & Sexes

  9. Present Status of Leprosy in Bangladesh • Reg. prevalence – 31/12/2002 • Total Cases – 8943 • SLPB – 421 • PB – 4300 • MB – 4222 • Prevalence Rate : 0.63/10000 • Detection – 9844 SLPB – 851 PB – 5489 MB – 3504 SSS : positive – 772 Child : 1101 Detection Rate – 0.762/10000

  10. Common Name : Bacillus of Hansen Morphology : Pleomorphic straight or slightly curved rod like, gram positive bacteria Staining Properties by the Zeil Neelsen Method. Bacilli appears as solid staining (viable), fragmented and granular (dead bacilli) Life Span – 6 months Cannot grown in artificial media or tissue culture Generation Time : 10 – 14 days Bacteriology

  11. Technique of Bacteriological Examination • Slit Skin Smear • Nose Blow Smear • Nasal Scraping

  12. Reading of Smears • BI – Density of Leprosy Bacilli in smears • MI – Percentage of living Bacilli among total • SFG – Percentage of solid, fragmented & granular Bacilli

  13. TREATMENT • MDT – Multi Drug Therapy • FDT – Fixed Duration Treatment • RFT – Release From Treatment

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