England's Prosperous Colonies and the Evolution of Slavery

1. Chapter Three The Colonies Come of Age

2. Section 1:England and Its Colonies Prosper Mercantilism • Mercantilism—countries must get gold, silver to be self-sufficient • English colonies export raw materials to England; import manufactured goods • Favorable balance of trade means more gold coming in than going out

3. England and Its Colonies Prosper The Navigation Acts • England sees colonial sales to other countries as economic threat • In 1651, Parliament—England’s legislative body, passes Navigation Acts: laws restrict colonial trade • King Charles II takes away Massachusetts colony’s charter

4. England Loosens the Reins • Salutary Neglect - does not enforce laws strictly to avoid problems with colonists

5. The Seeds of Self-Government • Colonies form local assemblies • Colonial assembly influences governor because they pay his salary • Colonists still consider themselves British but want self-government Sir Edmund Andros, British colonial governor in America.

6. Economic Development of the ColoniesChapter 3 Sections 2-3 Pgs.72-84 • Using a “foldable” create a chart that shows how each of the sections of the colonies developed differently

7. Section 2:The Rural Southern Economy • Fertile soil leads to growth of agriculture • Farmers specialize in cash crops grown for sale • Long, deep rivers allow planters to ship goods directly to markets • Plantations produce most of what farmers need on their property • Few cities grow

8. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Yellow-Least fertile soil Light Green-Moderately Fertile Dark Green-Most fertile MIDDLE COLONIES SOUTHERN COLONIES

9. A Diverse and Prosperous People • -In 1700s, many German, Scots, Scots-Irish immigrants settle in South, Southern population mostly small farmers Quechee Scottish Festival in Vermont.

10. The Evolution of Slavery • Plantations require large labor force • Indentured servants –too few and costly • Slave labor seen as answer to labor problem

11. The European Slave Trade • 3-way triangular trade connects Africa, Europe, and American colonies

12. The Middle Passage • Middle Passage-voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas • Up to 20% die on voyage over Middle Passage

13. African slaves on the deck of a ship in 1860.

14. The European Slave Trade

15. Interactive Map: Triangular Trade Routes • Click on the link for interactive map of Triangular trade • Complete the activity with this slide.

16. Slavery in the South and African Culture • Most slaves work plantation fields • 10-20% work in houses • Africans manage to keep their culture alive-music, dance-ring shout, art

17. Gullah…. • http://www.knowitall.org/gullahtales/ • Listen to the Gullah…..

18. Section 3:Commerce Grows in the North • Diversified Economy • Cold winters, rocky soil restrict New Englanders to small farms • Middle colonies raise livestock, crops; export surplus • Diverse commercial economy develops in New England, middle colonies • By mid-1700s, merchants are powerful group in North

19. Witchcraft in Salem • In 1692, in Salem, Massachusetts, 2 girls accuse a West Indian Slave woman of being a witch • Witch hunt hysteria begins • Result: 19 hanged, 1 crushed, 4-5 die in prison, 150 put in jail "Examination of a Witch" in Salem.

20. New Ideas Influence the Colonists • For centuries philosophers used reason, science to explain world • Enlightenment—movement in 1700s emphasizing reason, observation • Enlightenment ideas spread quickly through books, pamphlets • Benjamin Franklin embraces Enlightenment ideas

21. New Ideas Influence the Colonists • The Great Awakening - religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s • Jonathan Edwards preaches people are sinful, must seek God’s mercy • Native Americans, African Americans, colonists join new churches • Interest in learning increases; Protestants found colleges • Both movements question authority, stress individual’s importance

22. Section 4: The French and Indian War-Britain and France compete • In 1608, 1st permanent settlement- Quebec-established • In 1750s, Britain, France build empires; both want Ohio River Valley • French colonists mostly fur traders, missionary priests • French have good relations, military alliances with natives

24. French and Indian War:Britain Defeats an Old Enemy • War begins over land • Native Americans join the French because they believe it will help them get their land back. • George Washington is the leader of the colonial forces that helps the British to defeat the French.

25. Results of the war Ended by the Treaty of Paris 1763 - France forced to give up all land in North America - Britain agrees to keep colonists out of land in the Ohio River Valley with the Proclamation of 1763 – hoped that this would satisfy the Native Americans, but it creates tension with colonists

27. British get tough with Colonists • Britain needs money to pay for war-Begin to crackdown on smuggling • Enforces navigation laws • Troops stationed in colonies • New taxes are imposed to pay for the war • Writs of Assistance – allows British to search colonial property w/o a warrant