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First Responder Operations Level Training

First Responder Operations Level Training. Refresher. Five Levels of Training. First Responder Awareness Level First Responder Operational Level Hazardous Materials Technician Hazardous Materials Specialist Hazardous Materials Incident Commander. Operational Modes.

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First Responder Operations Level Training

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  1. First Responder Operations Level Training Refresher

  2. Five Levels of Training • First Responder Awareness Level • First Responder Operational Level • Hazardous Materials Technician • Hazardous Materials Specialist • Hazardous Materials Incident Commander

  3. Operational Modes • Awareness and Operational level responders take DEFENSIVE actions. • Technicians and Specialists take OFFENSIVE actions. • The Incident Commander coordinates the response and is ultimately responsible for safety.

  4. Objectives • Analyze a Hazardous Materials/WMD Incident • Plan an Initial Response • Implement the Planned Response • Evaluate Progress • NEVER exceed your level of training and protection!

  5. Hazardous Materials • Analyzing the incident • Surveying Hazardous Materials/WMD Incidents • Collecting Hazard and Response Information • Predicting the Likely Behavior of a Material and its Container • Estimating Potential Harm

  6. Six Basic Clues to Recognition 1 - Occupancy and location 2 - Container shape and size 3 - Placards and labels 4 - Shipping papers/facility documents 5 - Markings and colors 6 - Human senses

  7. Clue # 1 - Occupancy and Location • Specific occupancy or general area • Fixed facilities • Five modes of hazardous materials transportation • Rail, air, marine, highway and pipeline • Drug lab considerations

  8. Clue # 2 - Container Shape and Size • Classifications • Portable, fixed or transportation • Pressure • Non-pressurized, low or high pressure • Vapor Pressure and Storage • The higher the pressure, the greater the potential for catastrophic failure • BLEVE

  9. Clue # 3 - Placards and Labels • Placards and their limitations • Not always required • The 1000 pound rule • Placards and labels used for transport are based upon DOT Hazard Class • Nine Hazard Classes • Subdivided into divisions

  10. Pesticide Labels • Product name • Active ingredients • Signal word • Caution • Warning • Danger (Poison) • Precautionary statements

  11. Clue # 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility Documents

  12. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) • Required to be maintained by the Federal Hazard Communication Standard and The Florida Right-to-Know Law • Found at fixed facilities • Provides a variety of information • Emergency Response Plans (ERP) • Emergency Action Plans (EAP)

  13. Clue # 5 - Markings and Colors • Container colors are not always standardized • UN/NA identification numbers • NFPA 704 Diamond • Military markings

  14. Clue # 6 - Human Senses TASTE TOUCH SMELL SIGHT SOUND High RISK LEVEL Low

  15. Methods of Identification • Once you recognize, try to identify • Location of material name • Shipping papers • MSDSs (fixed facilities) • Facility Pre-Plans • Employees and bystanders • If you cannot safely identify, try to classify the material into a hazard class

  16. Hazard Class 1 - Explosives • Subdivided into 6 divisions 1.1 - Mass explosion hazard 1.2 - Projectile hazard 1.3 - Fire, minor blast or projectile 1.4 - Minor explosion 1.5 - Very insensitive explosives 1.6 - Extremely insensitive

  17. Hazard Class 2 - Gases • Pressurized or liquefied • Compressed nitrogen and liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) are examples • Product and container present hazards • Three Subdivisions • 2.1 - Flammable gases • 2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Poisonous • 2.3 - Poisonous Gases

  18. Hazard Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible Liquids • Flammable Liquids can be ignited at room temperature • Combustible Liquids require some degree of pre-heating to ignite • Number 1 rule - eliminate ignition sources

  19. Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids • Three subdivisions 4.1 - Flammable Solids 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible 4.3 - Dangerous when wet

  20. Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides • Oxidizers release oxygen to enhance or intensify burn • With strong fuels, oxidizers can create conditions which which can lead to violent combustion • Many Organic Peroxides are very unstable

  21. Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and Infectious Substances • Poisonous to human • Can include severely irritating substances • “Tear Gas”, Hydrocyanic acid, Carbon Tetrachloride • Infectious Substances • Potential to cause diseases in humans • Anthrax, human blood and many body fluids

  22. Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive Materials • Ionizing radiation hazard • Exposure does not always result in contamination • Safety Rules: • Time, Distance and Shielding • Shipped in specialized containers

  23. Hazard Class 8 - Corrosives

  24. Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials • ORM A - Dry Ice • ORM B - Quick Lime, Metallic mercury • ORM C - Asphalt, Battery parts • ORM D - Consumer commodities • ORM E - Hazardous substances and hazardous wastes

  25. Mechanisms of Harm Thermal Chemical Etiological Psychological Asphyxiation Radiological Mechanical

  26. Planning the Initial Response • Describe Response Objectives. • Identify Action Options. • Determine Suitability of Personal Protective Equipment. • Identify Decontamination Issues.

  27. Describing Response Objectives • Ensure the Safety of Citizens and Response Personnel • Control the Source of the Spill • Contain the Spilled Material • Protect sensitive areas • Terminate the Response

  28. Identifying Action Options • Offensive • Valves • Absorbents • Dam, Dike, Divert, etc • Defensive • Isolate • Deny Entry

  29. Determine PPE • Emergency Response Guide has protective clothing recommendation in public safety section • MSDS has protective clothing guidance.

  30. Decontamination • Definition • The process of removing hazardous materials to prevent the spread of contaminants beyond a specific area and reduce the level of contamination to levels that are no longer harmful • Is performed when a victim, responder, animal, or equipment leaves the hot zone

  31. Decontamination- Categories • Gross • Emergency • Technical (formal) • Mass • Secondary • Definitive • Patient • Buddy • Self

  32. Decontamination- Methods • Wet-Washing the contaminated surface with solutions or flushing with a hose stream or safety shower • Dry- Scraping, brushing, and absorption • Physical- Removes the contaminant from a contaminated person without changing the material chemically • Chemical- To make the contaminant less harmful by changing it through some kind of chemical process

  33. Factors to Consider When Choosing a Decontamination Site • Accessibility • Terrain and surface material • Lighting and electrical supply • Drains and waterways • Water supply • Weather

  34. Decontamination Corridor

  35. NA-ERG • North American Emergency Response Guidebook • Origin • Goal • Purpose & Limitations

  36. North American Emergency Response Guidebook • Your tool for success. • Every emergency vehicle should have a copy. • Purpose: • An aid for identification of the material involved. • Outlines basic initial actions. • Recommends protective action areas. • Serves as an initial incident safety plan.

  37. Steps for Proper Use of the ERG • Recognize & Identify Hazardous Materials • Name • Four digit ID number • Placard description • Look up the guide page number • Take basic protective actions according to the guide page • Initiate isolation and evacuation according to protective action distances

  38. Proper Guide Page Use

  39. Table of Protective Action Distances

  40. Implement the Planned Response • Establish and Enforce Scene Control Procedures. • Preserve Evidence. • Initiate the Incident Management System. • Using Personal Protective Equipment.

  41. Protective Action Options • Shelter in-place • Short duration incidents • Greater hazard to attempt to move • Impractical to evacuate • Evacuation • Potential for massive fire or explosion • Long duration incidents

  42. Preserving Evidence • If you suspect release was intentional: • Keep others out • Keep your eyes open for potential evidence • Take photographs • Consider everything as possible evidence • Keep out of the way of the pros

  43. Initiating IMS • Incident Commander must have appropriate level of training for type of operation. • Assign a Safety Officer • Develop an Incident Action Plan (Required by law for large incidents) • Perform tasks assigned in the Incident Action Plan (IAP).

  44. Incident Action Plan • Components to be considered • Site restrictions • Entry objectives • On-scene organization and control • Personnel protective equipment selection • Hazard evaluation • Communication procedures

  45. Incident Action Plan • Components to be considered (cont) • Emergency procedures and personal accountability • Emergency medical care arrangements • Rehabilitation plan • Decontamination procedures • On-scene work assignments • Debriefing and critique

  46. Spill / Leak Control Control functions set out in the IAP diversion. retention. remote valve shutoff. vapor dispersion. vapor suppression. • absorption. • adsorption. • damming. • diking. • dilution.

  47. Using Personal Protective Equipment • Know the limitations of the gear that you are wearing • Have a plan for emergency decontamination • Avoid contact with the hazardous material as much as possible • Use SCBA until air can be checked with a meter.

  48. Evaluating Progress • Evaluate the Status of Planned Response. • Communicate the Status of the Planned Response to appropriate agencies.

  49. Evaluating the Status • Considerations of the incident • Is the incident stabilizing? • Is the incident increasing in intensity? • Comparing actual behavior • Is incident happening as predicted? • Is incident occurring out of sequence? • Is incident happening differently than expected?

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