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Virtue Theory

Virtue Theory. Chapter 12. Rachel. 1. The Ethics of Virtue 2. Virtues 2.1 What are virtues? 2.2 What do these virtues consist in? 2.3 Why are virtues important? 2.4 Are virtues the same for everyone? 3. Two Advantages to Virtue Ethics 4. Virtue and Conduct

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Virtue Theory

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  1. Virtue Theory Chapter 12

  2. Rachel • 1. The Ethics of Virtue • 2. Virtues • 2.1 What are virtues? • 2.2 What do these virtues consist in? • 2.3 Why are virtues important? • 2.4 Are virtues the same for everyone? • 3. Two Advantages to Virtue Ethics • 4. Virtue and Conduct • 5. The problem of Incompleteness

  3. Two Advantages to Virtue Ethics • 1. Moral Motivation: acting from duty or because of the consequences does not carry with it the right intentions. If you visit a friend in the hospital because it is your duty, this seems to be missing a substantial aspect of friendship. • 2. Can deal with the problems of impartiality: ethical theories that require strict impartiality run into problems when we consider special relationships such as family and friends. However, virtue ethics can handle this problem very well.

  4. Virtue and Conduct • Right action vs. Character • How can character tell us about right action? • Virtue ethics a supplement to action theories or is it a comprehensive theory (Radical Virtue Ethics) • The “right action” is what a virtuous person would do.

  5. The problem of Incompleteness 1) It does not explain everything it needs to explain 2) It cannot tell us when and which virtue applies in complex situations. 3) Cannot help us deal with cases of moral conflict.

  6. 1) It does not explain everything it needs to explain • What makes a given character trait a virtue> • Why is courage good? • There are no explanations for this. Rebuttal This criticism does not work because Aristotle is clear that virtues are traits that make one a more excellent human being. Therefore, there is an answer: a character trait is virtuous insofar as it advances our human excellence and our human life.

  7. 2) It cannot tell us when and which virtue applies in complex situations. • This is not a criticism because this the nature of the discipline of ethics. • The answers to ethical questions will always be vague and imprecise.

  8. 3) Cannot help us deal with cases of moral conflict • Acting virtuous is acting in accordance with reason, that is, using prudence and moderations as central guides of our conduct. • When confronted with moral conflict a virtuous person would use their commonsense to act in a moderate way, given all of the circumstances pertinent to a particular case. • What Rachel finds as a flaw: that virtue ethics does not prescribe a determinate course of action, I find as its greatest advantage: flexibility for judicious discretion .

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