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Understanding Ionic and Covalent Bonds: Formation, Properties, and Differences

This overview explores the concepts of ionic and covalent bonds, highlighting how elements achieve stability through electron transfer or sharing. Ionic bonds result from the loss or gain of electrons, forming positive and negative ions that create ionic compounds, which conduct electricity in solution. Conversely, covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons, resulting in the creation of molecules. The text also explains the differences between polar and nonpolar molecules and introduces chemical shorthand for representing elements and molecular compositions.

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Understanding Ionic and Covalent Bonds: Formation, Properties, and Differences

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Presentation Transcript

  1. 7.2 Ionic and Covalent Bonds

  2. Ionic Bonds – Loss and Gain • Elements can become stable by gaining or loosing an electron • Positive and Negative Ions • Loss or gain of an electron changes the charge of the atom • Ion – an atom that is no longer neutral • Ionic bond – chemical bond created by the gaining or loosing of electrons • Compound – a pure substance that contains two or more elements

  3. Ionic Salts • Hard crystalline compound with positive ions of metal atoms and negative ions of nonmetal atoms • Will conduct electricity in solutions because charged particles can move • More Gains and Losses • Some atoms can give more than one electron • Magnesium

  4. Covalent Bonds – A Matter of Sharing • The Covalent Bond • Atoms share electrons to become more stable • Covalent Bond – chemical bond created by sharing electrons • Electrons are attracted to the nuclei of two atoms at the same time • Move between the two outer energy levels so that each atom has a full outer energy level some of the time

  5. Molecule – neutral particle formed when atoms share electrons • Atoms can share more than one electron • Double bond – two pairs of electrons are shared • Triple bond – three pairs of electrons are shared

  6. Polar and Nonpolar Molecules • Not all atoms attract electrons equally • The Polar Water Molecule • Oxygen has a slightly negative bond • Hydrogen a slightly positive bond • Polar means to opposite ends or poles • Nonpolar molecules – same atoms

  7. Chemical Shorthand • Symbols to represent elements • Formulas for Molecules • Subscript • Formula – the combination of chemical symbols of the elements that tells what elements are present in a molecule and how many atoms of each element are present Pg 203 1-3

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