Age of Exploration

1. Age of Exploration Fall of Constantinople 1453 A.D.

2. Essential Standards • 6.H.2 Understand the political, economic and/or social significance of historical events, issues, individuals and cultural groups • 6.E.1 Understand how the physical environment and human interaction affected the economic activities of various civilizations, societies and regions. • 6.G.1 Understand geographic factors that influenced the emergence, expansion and decline of civilizations, societies and regions (i.e. Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas) over time. • 6.C.1 Explain how the behaviors and practices of individuals and groups influenced societies, civilizations and regions.

3. Clarifying Objectives • 6.H.2.3 Explain how innovation and/or technology transformed civilizations, societies and regions over time (e.g., agricultural technology, weaponry, transportation and communication). • 6.E.1.1 Explain how conflict, compromise and negotiation over the availability of resources (i.e. natural, human and capital) impacted the economic development of various civilizations, societies and regions (e.g., competition for scarce resources, unequal distribution of wealth and the emergence of powerful trading networks). • 6.G.1.2 Explain the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods and ideas and the effects of that movement on societies and regions over time (e.g., scarcity of resources, conquests, desire for wealth, disease and trade). • 6.C.1.2 Explain how religion transformed various societies, civilizations and regions (e.g., beliefs, practices and spread of Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism).

4. Essential Questions • What major weapon innovation was responsible for the fall of Constantinople? • How did SCARCITY OF RESOURCES factor into the Muslims capturing Constantinople? • What were the FACTORS that influenced the Muslims to move & take Constantinople for themselves? • How did RELIGION factor into the sacking of Constantinople?

5. Constantinople • Constantinople is the last remaining large portion of the Ancient Roman Empire • It is the capital of the Roman Empire • It is a center of trade for all of Europe • It is in control of the Christians

6. Ottoman Turks Empire • Ottoman Turks Empire are an army of Islam • They are Muslims that fought the Christians in the Crusades • Now the Ottomans want to make the whole world Islamic

7. Ottoman Turks Empire • This is one of the last Christian strongholds • Ottoman Turks want Constantinople for their own • This would give the Ottoman Empire control over all trade from Asia

8. Stopping European Trade • Losing Constantinople would mean that the European Christians would be blocked from trading with Asia • This would mean that they would no longer be able to use the SILK ROAD to import goods to sell in Europe

9. Stopping European Trade • This would be a disaster to the European ECONOMY & WAY OF LIFE • Europeans depended on trade to build their economy • Without trade European QUALITY OF LIFE would be less as people would become poor

10. Essential Questions • Get with a partner and answer…. • How did SCARCITY OF RESOURCES factor into the Muslims capturing Constantinople? • How did RELIGION factor into the sacking of Constantinople? • What were the FACTORS that influenced the Muslims to move & take Constantinople for themselves?

11. Pepper • Europeans were heavily dependent on the Silk Road • Silk Road brought imports that Europeans used every day • No import was more important than pepper • European merchants imported pepper & sold it making tons of money

12. Ottoman Army • Ottoman Empire brings 70,000 men to attack Constantinople • Ottomans believe that there must only be one Empire & one faith in the whole world

13. Walls of Constantinople • The problem for the Ottomans was the walls of Constantinople • The walls are 100 ft. high • The walls are 4 miles long • No army had ever been able to defeat the walls of Constantinople

14. Cannons (Weapon Innovation) • Ottoman Empire introduces the CANNON • They bring 69 Cannons • Each Cannon packed with 10 stone balls • Ottomans bombarded cannon fire for 59 straight days

15. Cannons (Weapon Innovation) • Cannon balls busted through the walls of Constantinople • Cannon balls were fired over the walls and struck the ground inside the city • When they landed they burst into thousands of pieces shooting stone into people up to 100 yards away killing them

16. Constantinople Falls • On the 59th day the Ottomans bust into the city & take the Christian city of Constantinople • Constantinople is now in the hands of the Muslims • Islamic Muslims now have control of what gets traded between East (Asia) & West (European Christians) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXGU8zhBLOk • 17:30-26:30 • http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/fall-of-constantinople?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false

17. Essential Questions • Get with a partner and answer…. • What major weapon innovation was responsible for the fall of Constantinople?

18. Istanbul • Constantinople becomes Istanbul which still stands today • It is in the present day country of Turkey which gets its name from the Ottoman Turks • To this day Constantinople/Istanbul is in control of the Muslims

19. Trade is Cut Off • Trade is cut off from Asia to Europe • Europeans can no longer get silk, pepper, ivory, books & other goods that they once traded for • European ECONOMY SEEMS doomed

20. Beginning of the Age of Discovery • Fall of Constantinople leads to the Beginning of the AGE OF DISCOVERY • Trade being cut off forces Europeans to try to find an alternative way to Asia because the Silk Road is no longer accessible to Europeans

21. EOG Questions • Which was a long-term effect of ancient trade routes? • A) the spread of religions throughout the trade routes • B) the spread of unifying systems of government • C) colonization of weaker nations along the trade routes • D) use of silk throughout ancient and modern societies

22. Important Points • 6.H.2.3 (Weapon Innovations) The Cannon was able to take down the walls of Constantinople • 6.E.1.1 (Competition for Resources/Powerful Trading Networks) Fall of Constantinople led to the end of Christian/European control of the Silk Road • 6.G.1.2 (Scarcity of Resources/Trade/Desire for Wealth) Muslims had a DESIRE FOR WEALTH so they attacked so they could control TRADE & RESOURCE movement • 6.C.1.2 (Culture/Religion) Fall of Constantinople was a continuation of the Holy wars in that the Muslims seized control of Constantinople from the Christians