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Examination of Seismic Profiles: Brittle and Ductile Deformations in Fault Structures

This gallery presents a curated selection of seismic profiles that illustrate various deformation structures, including normal faults, reverse faults, and complex patterns like block and step faulting. The images highlight features such as listric faults, monoclines, and the impact of salt deformation, particularly in offshore regions like France and the Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, we explore thrust zones off Namibia, their formation mechanisms, and the geological context of mountain building related to tectonic plate interactions. Each profile is accompanied by interpretative insights.

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Examination of Seismic Profiles: Brittle and Ductile Deformations in Fault Structures

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  1. Gallery A selection of seismic profiles illustrating brittle and ductile deformation structures

  2. Normal Fault The curved shape makes this a listric fault. A listric shape is very common. Click to show interpretation

  3. ↾ ⇃ Reverse fault Click to show interpretation

  4. Faults occur in complex patterns, this is block faulting Click to show interpretation

  5. Step faulting Click to show interpretation

  6. Stepped faults or monoclines? Click to show interpretation

  7. Unconformity Click to show interpretation

  8. Complex folding can be caused by the migration of salt. Salt deformation offshore France The salt body is coloured black Image from the Virtual seismic Atlas www.seismicatlas.org Author: TGS-Nopec

  9. Salt dome Gulf of Mexico Extreme deformation caused by very large quantities of low density salt migrating towards the surface. Image from the Virtual seismic Atlas www.seismicatlas.org Author: Bruce Trudgill

  10. Seismic data poor here due to the salt (seismic waves do not get reflected back to the surface) Salt diapir has low density and moves towards the surface Salt dome Gulf of Mexico Image from the Virtual seismic Atlas www.seismicatlas.org Author: Bruce Trudgill

  11. 65 km 5000 msec TWT This is a thrust zone from offshore Namibia It is a very large structure The next slide shows a zoomed view Image from the Virtual seismic Atlas www.seismicatlas.org Author: Rob Butler

  12. Thrust offshore Namibia Image from the Virtual seismic Atlas www.seismicatlas.org Author: Rob Butler

  13. This map shows the location of Namibia. Thrusts are low angle reverse faults commonly associated with mountain building (orogenies). Mountain building is associated with plate collisions. This map shows the position of the major plates. Namibia is not near any colliding plates. BUT - it is near a place where the continental crust meets oceanic crust (passive margin). What could be the mechanism for this thrust zone? It is driven by gravity

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