1. Indian Independence

2. Mohandas Gandhi • Indian Civil Rights leader B. “Great Soul” – Mahatma “Father of India” C. Civil Disobedience - Not following unjust laws, but doing so non violently

3. Civil Disobedience • British tax on salt

4. Civil Disobedience British taking Indian raw cotton and selling higher priced clothing

6. MLK on Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi has done more than any other person in history to reveal that social problems can be solved without resorting to primitive methods of violence. In this sense he is more than a saint of India. He belongs — as they said of Abraham Lincoln — to the ages. In our struggle against racial segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, I came to see, at a very early stage, that a synthesis of Gandhi’s method of nonviolence and the Christian ethic of love is the best weapon available to Negroes for this struggle for freedom and human dignity. It may well be that the Gandhian approach will bring about a solution to the race problem in America. His spirit is a continual reminder to oppressed people that it is possible to resist evil and yet not resort to violence. The Gandhian influence in some way still speaks to the conscience of the world as nations grapple with international problems. If we fail, on an international scale, to follow the Gandhian principle of nonviolence, we may end up by destroying ourselves through the misuse of our own instruments. The choice is no longer between violence and nonviolence. It is now either nonviolence or non-existence. I myself gained this insight from Gandhi. When I was in theological school, I thought the only way we could solve our problem of segregation was an armed revolt. I felt that the Christian ethic of love was confined to individual relationships. I could not see how it could work in social conflict. Then I read Gandhi’s ethic of love as revealed in Jesus but raised to a social strategy for social transformation. This lifts love from individual relationships to the place of social transformation. This Gandhi helped us to understand, and for this we are grateful a decade after his death.

7. 1960 - 1963Sit-ins, swim-ins, read-ins, pray-ins, marches, and other protests erupt across the South at segregated restaurants, swimming pools, libraries, churches

8. Jackson, MS, 1963, Woolworth's

9. Sit “in-ers” in jail – c. 1960

10. Freedom Riders enter Alabama on May 14, 1961

11. Arrested for the crime of reading in a "white only" library, Jackson, MS, 1961

12. Flag used by Indian National Congress 1921

13. Indian National Congress 1931

14. August 14th and 15th, 1947 • Indian Independence • Bittersweet • Immediately, India and Pakistan were divided up

15. Partition/ Post Gandhi • Displaced up to 12.5 million people • Estimated from ½ million to 1M deaths • Gandhi died January 30th, 1948

16. Partition/ Post Gandhi • War broke out in 1947, 1965, 1971, 1999 * most had connections to Kashmir

17. Fall 2008 • Mumbai Attacks • over 160 people killed • Orchestrated by Pakistani terrorists