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Ecological Restoration of Chilika Lake, Orissa

Ecological Restoration of Chilika Lake, Orissa. Dr. Ajit Pattnaik, Chilika Development Authority Dr Ritesh Kumar, Wetlands International – South Asia Presented by Dr Taej Mundkur, Wetlands International taej.mundkur@wetlands.org IUCN Congress, Jeju, 9 Sept 2012. Chilika within Mahanadi Basin.

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Ecological Restoration of Chilika Lake, Orissa

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  1. Ecological Restoration of Chilika Lake, Orissa Dr. Ajit Pattnaik, Chilika Development Authority Dr Ritesh Kumar, Wetlands International – South Asia Presented by Dr Taej Mundkur, Wetlands International taej.mundkur@wetlands.org IUCN Congress, Jeju, 9 Sept 2012

  2. Chilika within Mahanadi Basin

  3. Hydrological set up of Chilika Mahanadi River Mundali Barrage Naraj Weir Mahanadi R. Kathjori R. Western Catchment Kuakhai R. Mahanadi Barrage Birupa Barrage Kusumi R. Kansari R. Kuakhai R. 6 JanjiraR. 7 Badasankha R. Kathjori R. Devi R. 8 4 Makara R. 9 Daya R. 3 Khushbhadrai R. CHILIKA LAKE Mahanadi Delta Nuna R 2 1 Bhargavi R. B A Y O F B E N G A L

  4. Biodiversity Values • Located along the Central Asian Flyway for migratory birds • 211 bird species including 97 migratory species • More than 1 million birds • Largest Irrawady dolphin population in the region • 217 fish species including fresh, marine and brackish

  5. Communities Lake Communities • 137 fisher villages - 0.2 million population Floodplain Communities 1031 farming villages -0.7 millionpopulation

  6. Economic values Direct user benefits from the wetland systems – fisheries, tourism, aquatic vegetation and inland navigation Estimated US$ 62.8 million per annum US$ 46.7 million - tourism US$ 15.4 million - fisheries Rest by benefits from harvesting aquatic plants and use for inland navigation. 

  7. Key Issues 85o/0’ 85o/10’ 19o\50’ 85o/20’ 85o/30’ 20o/0’ 85o/40’ 85o/0’ 85o/10’ 19o\50’ 85o/20’ 85o/30’ 20o/0’ 85o/40’ Tarimi NH-5 Kansari South Eastern Railway Kuakhai Bridge Kusumi Janjira Makara R. Cuttak Baridge 20o/0’ 17 85o\0’ Tarimi Balugaon Makara R. 16 13 Daya R. NH-5 15 14 1 2 Daya R. 18 Kansari South Eastern Railway INS NH-5 4 3 19 Nuna R. 21 22 20 12 Kuakhai Bridge Bhargavi R. Kusumi 11 23 Nalabana Island Janjira 5 Makara R. Gobardhanapur Krishnaprasad Garh Cuttak Baridge 19o/30’ 25 Magarmukh Dredging Channel 85o\0’ 6 24 20o/0’ 10 17 Barakundi Sanabandha Kera 7 Balugaon Makara R. 16 13 Rambha Daya R. 15 9 8 14 26 1 Satpada 2 Daya R. 27 28 29 18 Arakhakuda 30 19o/50’ 85o/0’ 85o/10’ 19o\50’ 85o/20’ 85o/30’ 20o/0’ 85o/40’ Palur Canal Palur INS NH-5 4 3 19 21 Nuna R. 22 20 12 Tarimi 19o\45’ 85o/10’ 85o/20’ 85o/30’ 85o/40’ 19o\30’ NH-5 Bhargavi R. Kansari 11 South Eastern Railway 23 Nalabana Island 5 Kusumi Janjira Makara R. Cuttak Baridge Kuakhai Bridge Gobardhanapur 19o/30’ Makara R. Balugaon Krishnaprasad Garh 17 Daya R. 16 13 25 20o/0’ 15 Magarmukh Dredging Channel 14 85o\0’ 6 1 Daya R. 2 18 24 10 INS Barakundi NH-5 Sanabandha Kera 7 4 3 19 21 Nuna R. 22 20 12 Rambha 11 Nalabana Island 23 5 Bhargavi R. Gobardhanapur 9 8 25 26 6 Krishnaprasad Garh Barakundi 24 10 Magarmukh Dredging Channel Satpada 19o/30’ 7 Rambha Sanabandha Kera 27 28 29 9 8 26 Satpada Arakhakuda 30 27 28 29 Arakhakuda 19o/50’ 30 Palur Canal Palur Canal Palur Palur 19o/50’ 19o\45’ 85o/20’ 85o/30’ 85o/40’ 85o/10’ 19o\30’ 19o\45’ 85o/10’ 85o/40’ 85o/20’ 85o/30’ 19o\30’ Pre Monsoon • Choking of mouth due to sedimentation • Decrease in salinity gradient Monsoon Post Monsoon

  8. Increase in Weed infested areas - 1973 & 2001 Chilika Lagoon 8000 1985-86 1986-87 7000 1987-88 1988-89 6000 1973 (20 sq.km) 1989-90 5000 1990-91 Lagoon Chilika 1991-92 4000 1992-93 Decrease in fish landing 1993-94 3000 1994-95 2001 (427.65 sq km) Weed infested areas 1995-96 2000 1996-97 1997-98 1000 1998-99 0 FISH LANDING (MT) • Proliferation of freshwater weeds • Decrease in the fish yield and diversity • Social conflicts and poverty within communities dependant on lagoon resources

  9. CHILIKA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY MISSION Eco-System Restoration Bio-Diversity Conservation Safeguard Stakeholder Interest Promote Multi-Disciplinary Research Establishment and Maintenance of a comprehensive Database

  10. GOVERNING BODY OF CDA CHAIRMAN ( CHIEF MINISTER) WORKING CHAIRMAN ( MINISTER, ENV) MEMBERS LOCAL REPRESENTATIVES, SECRETARIES FROM STAKE HOLDER DEPARTMENTS, EXPERTS FROM PREMIER INSTITUTES OF THE COUNTRY, REPRESENTATIVE FROM FISHERMEN FEDERATION.

  11. INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS • World Bank • Wetlands International-South Asia • Ramsar Centre - Japan NATIONAL ORGANISATIONS COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS • Ministry of Environment & • Watershed Committees Forests • Self Help Groups • Ministry of Water Resources • Bird Protection Committee • Ministry of Agriculture • Campaign for Conservation • National Bank for Agriculture of Chilika CHILIKA and Rural Development • INS Chilika DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS • CWPRS, Pune STATE GOVT. ORGANISATIONS • Utkal University • IIT, Chenai • Water Resources Department \ • NIO, Goa • Fisheries & Animal Resources • NRSA, Hyderabad Development Department • Nabakrushna Choudhury • Department of Agriculture Centre for Development Studies NON GOVT. ORGANISATIONS • Forest Department • Bombay Natural History Society • Revenue Department Zoological Survey Of India • • Wild Orissa • Orissa Remote Sensing Botanical Survey of India • • Pallishree Application Center • Centre for Environment Education • Orissa Renewable Development • Campaign for Conservation of Chilika Authority Lagoon( CCCL)

  12. Restoration Approach • Ecosystem Approach • Promotion of conservation and wise use of the natural resources • River Basin Management • Community participation • Research & Development • Monitoring, Evaluation and Database Management

  13. Opening of New Mouth Old Mouth New Mouth

  14. Impacts • 244% increase in annual fish and prawn landing • Increase in salinity flux by 40% • Increase in tidal flux by 45% • Improvement of sediment flushing • Reduced waterlogging • Decrease in area under invasive species by 172 sq km • Avg. increase in monthly income of fishermen by Rs. 5,000 - 10,000 during peak season

  15. Lake Monitoring Lagoon morphology Hydrological Regimes Catchment Land use and Cover Salinity Regimes Fisheries Dolphins Vegetation / Invasive Species Socio-economics – Economic Valuation

  16. Coming Up of Naraj Barrage Naraj Birupa Mahanadi Mundali Delta Stage I Delta Stage II

  17. Environmental Flows Assessment Naraj Barrage Operation Hydrology and sediments A B C D Hydrodynamics and water quality A B C D Ecology A B C D A B C D Socio-economics

  18. Defining Flow Scenarios Scenario 1: Pre Barrage 60% undivided Mahanadi flow through Naraj Scenario 2: Multi Objective Regulate flows above 15,000 m3/sec to control large floods d/s Naraj Scenario 3: Sediment Control No flows in July , first month of monsoon Scenario 4: Euroconsult II Control sediments and minimize structure failure risk

  19. EFA Recommendations • Scenario 2 • provision of freshwater to Chilika more important than sediment control • maintains beneficial inflow levels and associated salinity flushing • reduces incidence of high floods • net benefits higher by US$ 1.6 m than Scenario 1 and many times higher than scenarios 3 and 4

  20. CEPA • Establishment of Wetland Research and Training Center, Chandraput • Establishment of a Visitor Center, Satpada – communicating various elements of lake ecosystem • Regular programmes / campaigns on community awareness

  21. Community Participation • Creating community level resource managers – Watershed Committees, Campaign for Conservation of Chilika, Boatmen Associations • Regular consultation and participation in programmes of CDA • Guidelines – Dolphin viewing, tourist management • Incentives • Friends of Birds Award: Manglajodi – “From Poachers to Protecters” • Ferry service for island villages

  22. Integrated Management Planning • Guidelines of Ramsar • Involves comprehensive inventory of ecological, hydrological, socio-economic, cultural and institutional aspects • Setting out a targeted and objective oriented investment plan

  23. Challenges • Resurgence of plant invasive – phragmites • Influencing basin level processes • Climate Change – predicted changes in hydrological regimes

  24. More information on http://south-asia.wetlands.org and http://www.chilika.com

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