Topic : Ecology Aim : Describe the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Do Now : Evolution Review #4

1. Topic: Ecology Aim: Describe the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Do Now: Evolution Review #4 HW: Evolution CL due tomorrow!

2. Which species have become extinct? Why? They had an unfavorable adaptation. There was no variation in the species and they could not adapt to a major environmental change. 2. Which two species are most closely related? 1. D and E 2. B and C 3. H and I 4. A and I

4. Habitat • Where an organism lives • Organism’s “address”

5. Niche • The role of a species in the environment • Ex: how, when, or way they obtain nutrients, its reproductive behavior

7. Niches of a sunflower growing in the backyard • Absorb light, water and minerals • Provide shelter and food for other organisms (e.g. bees, ants, etc.) • Release oxygen into the atmosphere

9. 2 organisms occupying the same niche • Competition

10. Identify the type of organism described. • Feed on producers. • Feed on organisms that have already been killed. • Feed on both plants and animals. • Break down the remains of dead organisms and return some nutrients back to the soil. • Autotrophs • Meat eaters • Hunt and kill prey.

11. 1. Identify the main source of energy in an ecosystem SUNLIGHT

12. 2. What occurs to the energy in an ecosystem? • Energy is not recycled. • Energy is converted into different forms.

13. 3. Describe what a food chain shows. How matter and energy passes from one organism to another

14. 4. Identify the organisms that make up the first step of a food chain. Producers

15. 5. Identify the organisms that make up the 2nd step of a food chain. Herbivores Primary Consumers

16. 6. Identify the organisms that make up the 3rd step of a food chain. Carnivores and omnivores Secondary or tertiary consumer

17. 7. Explain what happens to the amount of energy as it is passed through a food chain. . Amount of available energy is reduced as you move though each level.

18. Carnivore Herbivore Carnivore Grass  Grasshopper  Sparrows  Hawks producers Primary consumer Secondary consumer Teritiary consumer Decrease in energy (lost in the form of heat)

19. 8. Observe Figure 15 on p.727. .

20. 8. Observe Figure 15 on p.727. Heat Heat Heat Grass  Marmots  Grizzly bear Soil Soil Soil

21. Heat Heat Heat Grass  Marmots  Grizzly bear Soil Soil Soil • Identify the producers. Grass • Identify the herbivore. Marmots (primary consumer)

22. Heat Heat Heat Grass  Marmots  Grizzly bear Soil Soil Soil c. Identify the carnivore. Grizzly bear (secondary consumer)

23. Heat Heat Heat Grass  Marmots  Grizzly bear Soil Soil Soil d. Infer what might happen if grizzly bears disappear from the food chain. The marmot population would increase. The grass population would decrease.

24. Heat Heat Heat Grass  Marmots  Grizzly bear Soil Soil Soil e. What do the red arrows represent? Heat (energy) released f. What do the blue arrows represent? Matter that makes up molecules of energy

26. 9. Describe a food web. Shows all possible feeding relationships in a community

27. 10. Observe Figure 16 on page 728.

28. a. Identify the producers. Berries and flowers, grasses, seeds

29. b. Identify 2 herbivores. (Primary consumers) Deer, grouse, insects, chipmunk, marmot

30. c. Identify 2 carnivores. Bear (Secondary consumer) (Also primary consumer)

31. Decomposers

32. 11. Describe what an energy Pyramid shows. Shows amount of energy available at each feeding level in an ecosystem

33. 12. Where is the 1st feeding level in an energy pyramid found On the bottom

34. 13. Explain why the 1st level is the largest level. It contains the most energy and the largest # of organisms.

35. 14. Explain what occurs to the transfer of energy as you move up the pyramid. The transfer of energy is less efficient (Each level becomes smaller)

36. Topic: Ecology Aim: Describe the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Do Now: Food Chain Reading Notes #’s 19-24 HW:3rd Marking Period Quarterly due Monday April 13th. Evolution Exam Tuesday, April 14th Food Chain Lab due Wednesday, April 15th

37. 15. Identify the producers. Grass 16. Identify the 3 primary consumers. Mice Grasshoppers Rabbits 17. Identify 2 secondary consumers. Foxes Grasshoppers Sparrows Frogs Hawks Snakes 18. Identify a tertiary consumer. Hawks, Snakes

38. 19. Identify the producers. Grasses 20. Identify primary consumers. Insects 21. Identify secondary consumers. Chipmunks 22. Identify a tertiary consumer. Grizzly bears

39. Pyramid of energy Tertiary consumers Energy decreases Secondary consumers Primary consumers Producers

40. Carnivores Herbivores Producers

46. Let’s summarize… • Identify the main source of energy in an ecosystem. • Who is the first organism found in every food chain? Give an example. • Identify the sequence of organisms in a food chain. • Describe what happens to the energy that is passed through a food chain or up an energy pyramid. Explain why this happens.

49. Which statement best describes one of the levels of this pyramid?  (1.) The organisms in level B obtain food directly from level A.  (2.) Level D contains the greatest number of heterotrophs in the pyramid.  (3.) level C contains the largest group of consumers in the pyramid.  (4.) Level A contains the largest producers in the pyramid.

50. Which statement is best supported by the information shown in the pyramid?  (1.) Chipmunks and insects can occupy the same niche.  (2.) As the number of bears in this community increases, the number of chipmunks will increase.  (3.) Insects are classified as omnivores in alpine meadow communities.  (4.) Biomass decreases as energy is transferred from one level to another.