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Childhood exposure to bpa & phthalates

Childhood exposure to bpa & phthalates. Megan Sirna. OUTLINE. Learning objectives What are phthalates and BPA? How are children exposed? What are the effects of childhood exposure? What laws and regulations are in place?

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Childhood exposure to bpa & phthalates

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  1. Childhood exposure to bpa & phthalates Megan Sirna

  2. OUTLINE • Learning objectives • What are phthalates and BPA? • How are children exposed? • What are the effects of childhood exposure? • What laws and regulations are in place? • Knowing all of this, what actions can public health professionals take?

  3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Differentiate between phthalates and BPA • Describe the effects of childhood exposure to phthalates and BPA • Examine regulations and policies related to phthalates and BPA • Identify actions for public health practitioners

  4. PHTHALATES AND BPA • Bisphenol-A (BPA) is used to harden plastics • Phthalates are used to soften plastics • Both are found in many consumer products

  5. CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE • Plastic toys • Packaged foods and beverages • Baby bottles

  6. TOXIC EFFECTS • Abnormalities in gender development, sexuality, and reproductive capabilities • Liver cancer • Skeletal, cardiovascular, and eye abnormalities • Anxious, depressive, and hyperactive behavior

  7. LAWS & REGULATIONS • 2007 - California AB 1108 “Toxic Toy Bill” • 2008 – Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, Section 108 • 2012 – FDA amends Food Additives Regulation • 2013 – OEHHA lists BPA on California Prop 65, one week later delists

  8. CPSC & CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION: NOV. 20, 2013 http://www.cpsc.gov/en/Newsroom/Multimedia/?vid=66865

  9. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS • Answer gaps in the literature • Advocate for safer and equitable policies and alternatives • Precautionary approach

  10. ALTERNATIVES? PHTHALATES • Citrates • Sebacates • Adipates • Phosphates • Petroleum-based plastics • Bio-based plastics BPA • Glass • Polypropylene • Stainless Steel • Aluminum • High Density Polyethylene

  11. REFERENCES • Becker, M., Edwards, S., & Massey, R. (2010). Toxic chemicals in toys and children’s products: Limitations of current responses and recommendations for government and industry. Environmental Science and Technology, 44(21): 7986-7991. doi: 10.1021/es1009407. • Braun, J., Kalkbrenner, A., Calafat, A., Yolton, K., Ye, X., Dietrich, K., & Lanphear, B. (2011). Impact of early-life bisphenol-a exposure on behavior and executive function in children. Pediatrics, 128(5): 873-882. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-1335. • California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. (2013, April). Proposition 65: Chemical delisted effective April 19, 2013 as known to the State of California to cause reproductive toxicity: Bisphenol-A (BPA). Retrieved from http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/law/041913BPAdelist.html. • Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, Pub. L. No. 110-314. §108, 3036. 122 (2008). • Consumer Production Safety Commission (2013, November 20). CBP, CPSC Seize 200K Toy Dolls at U.S. Ports [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.cpsc.gov/en/Newsroom/Multimedia/?vid=66865 • Guerra, L. (2006). Bisphenol-A and its harmful effects on human development. Sustainable Development Law & Policy,6(3): 54. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1348&context=sdlp. • Johnson, S., Saikia, N., & Sahu, R. (2011). Phthalates in toys available in Indian market. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 86: 621-626. doi: 10.1007/s00128-011-0263-6. • Koch, W. (2012, July 7). FDA officially bans BPA, or bisphenol-A, from baby bottles. USA Today.Retrived from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/story/2012-07-17/BPA-ban-baby-bottles-sippy-cups/56280074/1. • Lowell Center for Sustainable Production (2011). Phthalates and Their Alternatives: Health and Environmental Concerns. Retrieved from http://www.sustainableproduction.org/downloads/PhthalateAlternatives-January2011.pdf • National Conference of State Legislatures. (n.d.). NCSL policy update: State restrictions on Bisphenol-A (BPA) in consumer products. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/environment-and-natural-resources/policy-update-on-state-restrictions-on-bisphenol-a.aspx. • Priebe, M. B. (n.d.). How to Avoid Toxic Plastic Toys. Retrieved November 2013, from http://www.ecolife.com/parenting/natural-toys/safer-plastic-toys.html#sthash.s0I0qFQu.dpuf • Sathyanarayana, S., Karr, C., Lozano, P., Brown, E., Calafat, A., Liu, F., & Swan, S. (2008). Baby care products: Possible sources of infant phthalate exposure. Pediatrics, 121: e260-e268. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-3766. • Shea, K. & Committee on Environmental Health. (2003). Pediatric exposure and potential toxicity of phthalate plasticizers. Pediatrics, 111(6), 1467-1474. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12777573. • Zimmer, K., Gutleb, A., Ravnum, S., von Krauss, M., Murk, A., Ropstad, E., … & Keune, H. (2012). Policy relevant results from an expert elicitation on the health risks of phthalates. Environmental Health, 11(Suppl 1): S6. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-11-S1-S6.

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