Dampak TI terhadap organisasi

1. Dampak TI terhadaporganisasi If the old model of organization was the large, hierarchical organization, the new model that is considered characteristic of the new competition is a network of lateral and horizontal interlinkages within and among firms (nohria and eccles, 1997)

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10. PICTURE START

11. Pengertianorganisasi • Definisiteknis: "Sebuahstruktursosial yang stabildan formal yang mengambilsumberdayadarilingkungandandiprosesuntukmenghasilkan output." (Laudon & Laudon) • TeknologiInformasidiperkenalkankedalamstrukturiniuntukmembuatprodukkeluaranlebihefisien.

12. Pengertianorganisasi Struktur, Perilakudan lain-lain: • Hirarkikewenangan • Sifatumum • Ditulisaturanperilaku (proseduroperasi) • Promosiberdasarkanprestasi (kualifikasiteknisuntukposisi; meritokrasi) • Pembagiankerjakhusus • Efisiensi (efisiensiorganisasimaksimal) Inovasi TI dapatmembuakonflikdiantaramereka

13. Kantor KlaimAsuransi Pre-IT (c 1965) Giuliani, V. E. “The Mechanization Of Office Work.” in Forester, T., ed. The Information Technology Revolution. MIT Press; 1985.

14. Setelah TI (c 1985) Giuliani, V. E. “The Mechanization Of Office Work.” in Forester, T., ed. The Information Technology Revolution. MIT Press; 1985.

15. Komputerbisaberadadikantorpusatataudiperusahaanlayanan • call centre bisasiapasajadandimanasaja • petugasklaimagenmungkinbekerjadiluarkantor, sepertipegawaitidaktetap Head Office Data Centre Customers The Network Call Centre Agents Bank A Post-IT Insurance Claims Office (c 2004)

16. TI & ORGANISASI: SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH Pre-IT Post-IT KebutuhanInformasi • aliranygterstruktur • aksesterbatas • penyimpananterstruktur • aksesluas Tingkat ketrampilan • relatifrendah • relatiftinggi Tanggapan • relatiflambat • relatifcepat

17. TI & ORGANISASI: SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH IP Pre-IT IP Post-IT Pekerjaan • spesialis • terkotak-kotak • berulang • generalis • salingterhubung • variasi/tidaktentu Alirankerja • cenderungditumpuk • perkejadian StandarKinerja • mengikutiaturan • memahamiproses

18. TI & ORGANISASI: SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH IP Pre-IT IP Post-IT Tenagakerja • relatifbesar • relatiflebihsedikit Strukturorganisasi • Hirarkidankaku • lemahkerjasama • kuatkerjasama • lemahsecarahirarki

19. 3 Efekekonomis TI dalamorganisasi • BiayaTeknologiInformasiumumnyajatuh, biayatenagakerjaumumnyameningkat. TI dapatmenggantikantenagakerja, danmengurangijumlahmanajermenengahdanpekerjaadministrasi. • TeknologiInformasimenurunkanbiayatransaksi. Olehkarenaituukuranperusahaanharusmenjadilebihkecildanmelakukantransaksieksternallebihbanyak (mis outsourcing) • Teknologiinformasimenurunkanbiayamanajemen internal (pengawasandankoordinasi). Sehinggaperusahaan dapatmenjadilebihbesar. (?)

20. Unit Org. & Sistem TI

21. Sistem Enterprise & Org. Integrasi TI “jadul”

22. Sistem Enterprise & Org. Integrasi TI “masakini”

23. 5 era generasikomputer 1964-1980 The System Centric Era 1964: introduction of the IBM 360 1981-1993 The PC Centric Era 1981: introduction of the IBM PC 1994-2005 The Network Centric Era 2006-2015 The Content Centric Era?

24. FEATURE Audience Technology Principle Offerings Network Focus User Focus Supplier Structure Supplier Leadership # Users at end Market Size SYSTEMS CENTRIC Corporate Transistor Grosch’s Law Proprietary Systems Data Center Efficiency Vertical Integration US systems 10 million $20 billion

25. FEATURE Audience Technology Principle Offerings Network Focus User Focus Supplier Structure Supplier Leadership # Users at end Market Size SYSTEMS CENTRIC Corporate Transistor Grosch’s Law Proprietary Systems Data Center Efficiency Vertical Integration US systems 10 million $20 billion PC CENTRIC Professional Microprocessor Moore’s Law Standard Products LAN/WAN Productivity Horizontal ‘value chain’ US Components 100 million $460 billion

26. FEATURE Audience Technology Principle Offerings Network Focus User Focus Supplier Structure Supplier Leadership # Users at end Market Size PC CENTRIC Professional Microprocessor Moore’s Law Standard Products LAN/WAN Productivity Horizontal ‘value chain’ US Components 100 million $460 billion NETWORK CENTRIC Consumer Bandwidth Metcalfe’s Law Value Added Services Public Network Customer Service Unified Computer & Communications Chain National Carriers 1 Billion $3 trillion

27. FEATURE Audience Technology Principle Offerings Network Focus User Focus Supplier Structure Supplier Leadership # Users at end Market Size PC CENTRIC Professional Microprocessor Moore’s Law Standard Products LAN/WAN Productivity Horizontal ‘value chain’ US Components 100 million $460 billion NETWORK CENTRIC Consumer Bandwidth Metcalfe’s Law Value Added Services Public Network Customer Service Unified Computer & Communications Chain National Carriers 1 Billion $3 trillion

28. FEATURE Audience Technology Principle Offerings Network Focus User Focus Supplier Structure Supplier Leadership # Users at end Market Size NETWORK CENTRIC Consumer Bandwidth Metcalfe’s Law Value Added Services Public Network Customer Service Unified Computer & Communications Chain National Carriers 1 Billion $3 trillion CONTENT CENTRIC Individual Software ‘Transformation’ Law Custom Services Transparent Virtualization Embedded Content Providers Universal Too embedded to measure

29. FEATURE Audience Technology Principle Offerings Network Focus User Focus Supplier Structure Supplier Leadership # Users at end Market Size NETWORK CENTRIC Consumer Bandwidth Metcalfe’s Law Value Added Services Public Network Customer Service Unified Computer & Communications Chain National Carriers 1 Billion $3 trillion CONTENT CENTRIC Individual Software ‘Transformation’ Law Custom Services Transparent Virtualization Embedded Content Providers Universal Too embedded to measure