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LESNE GLIVE

LESNE GLIVE. Interno gradivo! V učne namene zbrala in uredila Gabi Dolenšek Natančni viri niso navedeni; na napake me opozorite!. GLIVE (HETEROTROFI). SIMBIOTSKE- sožitje s koreninami višjih rastlin- koristna za drevesa. SAPROFITSKE- razkrajajo odmrle organizme (les na skladiščih,

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LESNE GLIVE

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  1. LESNE GLIVE Interno gradivo! V učne namene zbrala in uredila Gabi Dolenšek Natančni viri niso navedeni; na napake me opozorite!

  2. GLIVE (HETEROTROFI) SIMBIOTSKE- sožitje s koreninami višjih rastlin- koristna za drevesa SAPROFITSKE- razkrajajo odmrle organizme (les na skladiščih, vgrajen les) PARAZITSKE- okužijo žive organizme- še stoječa drevesa

  3. GLIVE PREHRANJEVALNI DEL MICELIJ PODGOBJE (HIFE-nitaste tvorbe) RAZMNOŽEVALNI DEL TROSNJAK GOBA • NALOGE HIF: • Proizvajajo encime • s katerimi kemično • razkrajajo les • Črpajo razkrojke iz lesa • Dovajajo vodo • Se širijo iz okuženega • v zdrav les • RAZMNOŽEVANJE GLIV: • S SPORAMI – TROSI • (ko trosi dozorijo • se sprostijo v ozračje) • Z RIZOMORFAMI • (več hif združenih) • prerastejo les, opeko, beton

  4. POGOJI ZA RAZVOJ – ŽIVLJENJE GLIV HRANA VAROVALNA vlažnost! VLAGA LESA 35 -60% TEMPERATURA 20 -35oC RELATIVNA ZRAČNA VLAGA Okrog 90% KISIK KISLE VREDNOSTI pH – 2 – 7,5 MRAČNO!

  5. GLIVE MODRIVKE -SE RAZVIJAJO SAMO V BELJAVI -HRANIJO SE PREDVSEM Z VSEBINO ŽIVIH CELIC -NAČELNO NE VPLIVAJO NA ZMANJŠANJE MEHANSKIH LASTNOSTI

  6. What makes the lumber blue?Blue stain is a common cause for the discoloration of lumber. Certain dark-colored microscopic fungi cause a bluish or grayish discoloration in the sapwood of the tree. However, not all blue stains are blue. Common stain shades can be blue to bluish black or gray to brown. Sometimes, the stain coloration in lumber may appear as red, yellow, orange, or purple.Does it affect the strength properties?Blue stain has no effect on the performance and strength of lumber. Structural lumber is not downgraded due to the presence of blue stain and should not be labeled inferior lumber.Where can blue-stained lumber be used?Because blue stain does not detract from the strength properties of dimension lumber, blue-stained lumber can be used for exactly the same purpose as non-stained lumber. Just be certain that the lumber has a grade mark accredited by the American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC), which identifies the grade, moisture content, inspection service, species, and mill identification number.What is it... blue stain or mold?Blue stain is not mold. However, for a simple test to determine whether or not a piece of lumber is blue-stained or growing mold, lightly rub the affected surface of the wood. Mold grows on the surface and can be brushed off or smeared, where as blue stain penetrates deep into the wood and cannot be removed.What about health and safety concerns?Blue stain poses no health risk, and blue-stained lumber is safe to handle. The same safety rules for using non-stained lumber apply to blue-stained lumber: • Wear eye protection and a dust mask when sawing or machining lumber. • Avoid prolonged inhalation of sawdust. • When the work is completed, wash areas of skin contact thoroughly before eating or drinking. • Wash clothing that accumulates sawdust separately from other household clothing and before reuse. • Does blue stain cause decay?Blue stain is not a decay fungi. Blue stain fungi live on the nutrients stored in the cells of the wood, not on the cellulose fibers of the tree itself.Can stained lumber be pressure-treated?Blue stain fungi have no effect on the treatability of Southern Pine lumber and stained lumber may be treated to guard against decay and termites. • http://www.forestpathology.org/decay.html#cycle

  7. Bela trohnoba • Glive, ki povzročajo belo trohnobo razgrajujejo lignin, preostanek pa je celuloza • Celuloza – bele barve – bela trohnoba • Glive bele trohnobe pogosteje najdemo na listavcih, kot na iglavcih

  8. Piravost

  9. Rdeče srce -ranitev, vdor kisika – oksidacija in obarvanje, kakor pri prerezanem jabolku. • Rdeče srce se po ranitvi (odlom starejše veje) se prej ali slej okuži z glivami: nastanek bele trohnobe – piravosti. • Piravost je neenakomerno razvijajoča se bela trohnoba (bukovine), ki jo povzroči več gliv hkrati. Belo ali korozijsko trohnobo povzročajo glive oziroma skupine gliv, ki razkrajajo lignin in delno celulozo hkrati. Razkrojeni les je belkast. • Posledica piravosti je močno zmanjšanje trdnosti lesa ali celo izvotlitev.

  10. Rjava trohnoba • Glive razkrojijo celulozo in polioze • Preostanek je oksidiran lignin – rjav • Les razpoka, izgubi vse mehanske lastnosti – HIŠNE GOBE!

  11. Kletna goba – Coniophora puteana • Zelo učinkovita razkrojevalka • Če les osušimo odmre • Optimum 23°C • Spoznamo jo po rjavih rizomorfih • Micelij težko ločimo od lesa Siva hišna goba • Izsuševanje lesa je ne uniči • Optimum 21°C • Spoznamo po sivih rizomorfih • Rumen poprh • Rjave spore na miljone Bela hišna goba – Poria monticola, Antrodia vaillantii • Razkraja vlažnejši les kot kletna goba • Optimum 27°C • Spoznamo jo po belih rizomorfih, ki so gibki, tudi ko so suhi • Tolerantna na Cu (+ in -) • Najdemo jo v kleteh, rudnikih Glive v zaprtih prostorih • Za nas zelo pomembne, povzročijo največjo ekonomsko škodo

  12. Bela hišna gobaPoria vaillantii

  13. Siva hišna goba ali solzivka (Serpula lacrymans)

  14. Siva hišna gobaSerpula lacrymans Suha

  15. Kletna gobaConiophora puteana

  16. TramovkaGleophyllum abietinum

  17. UČNO GRADIVO • http://www.cpi.si/files/cpi/userfiles/Lesarstvo_tapetnistvo/6-LESNI_SKODLJIVCI.pdf

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