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Understanding U.S. National Debt and Deficits: Trends and Implications

This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of U.S. national debt and its deficits, analyzing historical trends and current projections. It features figures illustrating the national debt as a percentage of GDP, the distribution of debt held by domestic and foreign entities, and comparisons with other countries. Key data sources from the White House, Congressional Budget Office, and OECD are utilized to highlight fiscal policies, interest rate impacts, and potential budgetary reforms. Understanding these dynamics is essential for addressing future economic challenges.

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Understanding U.S. National Debt and Deficits: Trends and Implications

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  1. Chapter Sixteen: Deficits and Debt

  2. Deficits and National Debt

  3. Figure 16.1: U.S. National Debt as a Percentage of GDP Debt held by Public/GDP Source: Whitehouse.gov

  4. Figure 16.2: Domestic and Foreign Holdings of U.S. Debt Total Debt Source: White House Office of Management and Budget, Economic and Budget Analyses, Table 6–7

  5. The Debt and its Links to Finance

  6. Table 16.1: Debt Taxonomy

  7. Figure 16.3: Total U.S. Indebtedness as a Percentage of GDP

  8. Figure 16.4: Interest Payments as a Percentage of Total Federal Outlays Source: BEA.gov

  9. Figure 16.5: The Interest Rate on 10-Year Treasury Bonds Source: St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank

  10. Political Economy of the Debt

  11. Figure 16.6: Ownership of Gross Federal Debt Source: Treasury Department, 2013

  12. Figure 16.7: Foreign Holders of Gross Federal Debt Source: Treasury Department, 2013

  13. Figure 16.8: Debt-GDP Ratios, an International Comparison Japan Greece Italy U.S.A Germany Canada United Kingdom Source: OECD, www.oecd.org

  14. Table 16.2: EU Deficit and Debt Levels in 2012 (percentage of GDP) Source: www.oecd.org

  15. Deficit Projections and Potential Policy Responses

  16. Figure 16.9: Projected Annual Deficit as a Percentage of GDP Source: Congressional Budget Office, 2013

  17. Table 16.3: Selected Budgetary Reforms, Congressional Budget Office Source: CBO, 2012

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