A Framework for Business Process Architecture

1. A Framework for Business Process Architecture Brett Champlin, MBA, CCP President, ABPMP Board of Directors & Vice President, ICCP Adjunct Faculty, Heller College of Business, Roosevelt University Business Performance Improvement, Allstate Insurance Company

2. Do you know where your processes are? Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion • Are you doing Process Re-Design? • Reengineering? Improvement? • Are you implementing Workflow? • Document Management? Task Management? • What’s a core process? • Support Process? Control Process? • What’s the difference between a Process • Activity, Task, Operation, Method • Where do you put all those process models and designs? • Should you buy a Process Modeling, Process Engineering, or Business Process Management package? ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

3. Business Process Architecture Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion • Business NOT Systems Process Architecture • Define the Key Terms and Components • Represent Key Points of View • Support Process Innovation Methods • Support Process Management Program • The Business “Blueprint” ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

4. A Short Story Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion The Three Stone Masons • Imagine a 14th Century Monk • An Encounter with 3 Stone Masons • Carving Stones • Building a Wall • Building a Cathedral • Context ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

5. Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion A Process Architecture is built with models as a house is built with stones - but a collection of models is no more a Process Architecture than a heap of stones is a house. (with apologies to Poincare) ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

6. Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion “A rock pile ceases to be a rock pile the moment a single man [sic] contemplates it, bearing within him the image of a cathedral” - Antoine de Saint Exupery, author and aviator (1900-1945) ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

7. DATA PROCESS LOCATION ROLE TIMING MOTIVATION List of things important to the business. List of processes the business performs List of locations in which the business operates List of business responsibilities. List of business events. List of business goals. . . . . BUSINESS SCOPE BUSINESS SCOPE . . EVENT: class of significant business events. ENTITY: class of business thing RESP.: class of business responsibilities PROCESS: class of business processes. NODE: business location. ENDS: mission(s)/goal(s). Business entities & their inter-relationships Flows between business processes Communications links between locations Business Organization. Business Cycles. Business Strategies BUSINESS MODEL BUSINESS MODEL NODE: business unit LINK: business relationship (org., product, information) PROCESS: business process I/O: business resource (including information) ENDS: goal(s)/mission(s) MEANS: tactics/plans EVENT: business event CYCLE: lapse/lag ENTITY: business entity REL'SHIP: business rule RESP: work unit/structure WORK: business resources Service Support Environment Model of the access requirements. Model of the business data and inter-relationships Distribution network Flows between application functions Model of the process control structure. ---------------------- INFORMATION SYSTEMS MODEL INFORMATION SYSTEMS MODEL ENDS: service level agreements MEANS: I/S plans & change tactics PROCESS: application function I/O: user views (set of data elements). NODE: I.S. function (processor, storage, etc.). LINK: line characteristics EVENT: logical process event CYCLE: precedence/timing ENTITY: data entity RELTNSHIP: data relationship RESP: system privilege WORK: access requirements Database Design System Design System Architecture Access Design Processing Environment Availability Design TECHNOLOGY MODEL TECHNOLOGY MODEL ENDS: benchmark models MEANS: availability of windows and measures ENTITY: segment, row, record RELTNSHP: pointer, key, index PROCESS: computer function I/O: screen/device formats NODE: hardware/system software LINK: line specifications RESP: access authorizations WORK: access group EVENT: physical process event CYCLE: processing calendar Database Schema and Subschema Definition Program Code and Control Blocks Configuration Definition Access Definition Job Processing Definition Performance Definition TECHNOLOGY DEFINITION TECHNOLOGY DEFINITION ENTITY: fields, access privledge RELTNSHP: access methods, addresses EVENT: transactions, job submittal CYCLE: job & region schedules ENDS: benchmark targets MEANS: benchmark testing, system monitoring/tuning RESP: access object WORK: access profiles PROCESS: source code I/O: control blocks NODE: addresses LINK: protocols System Management Facilities Data Storage Structures and Access Mechanisms Executable Code System Configuration Access Privileges Processing Schedules INFORMATION SYSTEM INFORMATION SYSTEM User-id’s, access controls ..... Programs, jobs, transactions..... Processors, networks, switches. monitors..... Batch jobs, transactions, run/rerun instructions ..... Monitoring facilities, problem management ..... Databases, data ..... Source: Zachman, John A.: “A Framework for Information Systems Architecture.” IBM Systems Journal. V26:N3 1987. Zachman Information Systems Architecture Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

8. Focuses or Topics ? ? ? ? ? WHERE WHO WHEN WHY WHAT are is do are is it things involved things things made located happen done of ? ? ? ? ? Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion ? HOW is it made ? ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

9. Perspectives or Views PLANNER Scope or Context View OWNER Business/Product Requirements or Conceptual View DESIGNER System Model or Logical Design View BUILDER Technical Model or Physical Design View SUB- CONTRACTOR Detail Representation or Out-of-Context View CONSUMER End Product or Usage View Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

10. Zachman Framework HOW WHAT WHY WHERE WHO WHEN List of List of CONTEXTUAL List of List of List of List of things Organization Units Business Processes Locations Events Scope Goals/Stat. Business CONCEPTUAL Business Logistics Work Flow Master Business Process Entity Model Network Model Schedule Plan Business Model Model Application System Human LOGICAL Logical Data Processing Business Process Network Interface Model Structure Rule Model System Model Model Model Paradigm Application Network PHYSICAL Physical Presentation Control Structure Technology Rule Design Data Model Architecture Structure Technology Model Chart Model OUT-OF- Data Network Interface Timing Rule CONTEXT Program Definition Components Components Definition Specification Components PRODUCT DATABASE APPLICATION NETWORK ORGANIZATION SCHEDULE STRATEGY Functioning System Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

11. Focuses for Process? Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion WHY WHEN HOW WHAT WHO WHERE (purpose) (period) (process) (product) (person) (place) Goal Events Process Output Role Facility ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

12. Meta Model PROCESS PERIOD PURPOSE PRODUCT PEOPLE PLACE Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion Adapted from Don Soulsby ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

13. What’s Your Process “Stack”? Standards Instructions Forms TASK Skills Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion PROCESS ACTIVITY SUB-PROCESS ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

14. Domain Layering Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion Business Operations Technical Adapted from Don Soulsby ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

15. Perspectives or Views Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion BusinessDomain ENTERPRISE Strategic Planning BUSINESS Business Redesign/Reengineering OperationsDomain OPERATIONS Process Improvement DESIGNER Requirements Model BUILDER Applications Specification TechnologyDomain SYSTEM OPERATOR Working System ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

16. A Business Process Framework WHAT/INPUTS & OUTPUTS HOW/PROCESSES & TASKS WHERE/FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT WHO/ROLE & SKILLS WHEN/EVENTS & DURATION WHY/MOTIVATION & METRICS Business Model BUSINESS SCOPE ENTERPRISE VIEWS Operations Model BUSINESS MODEL DIRECTOR/ OWNER VIEW Procedural Model LOGICAL PROCESS MODEL ANALYST/ DESIGNER VIEW Workflow Systems Model WORKFLOW MODEL BUILDER/ MANAGER VIEW Physical/Technical Specifications SPECIFICATION OPERATOR VIEW Measurement & Control PRODUCTION MONITOR VIEW Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

17. A Business Process Architecture Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion Source: Paul Harmon, BP Trends ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

18. Strategic Plans INNOVATION Business System Opportunities TECHNOLOGY PROJECTIONS ALIGNMENT Planning for Change Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion Business Domain Technology Domain PRODUCT PROCESS DATA APPLICATION PEOPLE PLACE INTERFACE DISTRIBUTION Business Models Technical Models Adapted from Don Soulsby ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

19. ”...would you tell me, please which way I ought to go from here?" "That depends a good deal on where you want to get to," said the Cat. "I don't much care where----" said Alice. "Then it doesn't matter which way you go," said the Cat. ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

20. Words of Wisdom • “Always design a thing by considering it in its next larger context - a chair in a room, a room in a house, a house in an environment, an environment in a city plan.”- Eero Saarinen ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

21. Goals of “Manage by Process” We will be managing by process when: Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion We agree on what our processes are We know how the processes interact what each process delivers how each process produces it’s deliverables what skills are required for each process how well each process performs We can measure effectively and manage by these facts We have an owner for each process ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

22. Goals of Business Process Management Systems Solutions We will be delivering BPMS when: Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion We can - model and define our processes in a standard way using standard tools We can - generate the system from those models - capture real time performance data from the running system We can - monitor and manage the business process performance We can - simulate and predict the impact of change on the business process - implement changes to the business process through the models ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

23. What’s a Process Model? Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion • A Process Model is Information • Contains: • one or more pictures (diagrams) • information about the objects on the diagram • information about the relationships between the objects • information about the relationships between the objects in multiple diagrams • information about how the thing it “models” behaves or performs • It is a vehicle for understanding how things work ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

24. Build a Process Repository Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion The Framework is a “blueprint” for a Business Process Model ‘Repository’ It is a map of the structure for the Business Process Model Repository that can be used to store, locate, access, and navigate through enterprise process information ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

25. BPMS Architecture Source: Business Process Management: The Third Wave, Howard Smith & Peter Fingar, ISBN 0929652339, 2003, Appendix B Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

26. Alternate BPMS Architecture Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

27. Benefits of a Business Process Framework Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion • Common Frame of Reference • Integrated views of processes • Consistent method of organization • Persistent storage of process information • the models are available • the models are in a consistent format • A powerful information resource for the organization to use in many new ways that were previously not available or feasible ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

28. A Parting Thought... Wisdom is knowing what to do next… Skill is knowing how to do it, and… Virtue is doing it! - David Starr Jordan ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004

29. Introduction A Short Story The ZachmanFramework Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion You may contact me with any questions or feedback at: Brett Champlin president@abpmp.org vicepres@iccp.org brett@thechamplins.com ABPMP Chicago – Jan. 15, 2004