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Revision Dos and Don’ts

Revision Dos and Don’ts. DO plan your revision on a calendar so you cover everything, Don’t panic-cram! DO practice 40 minute essays and hand them in, DON’T hope they’ll come together in the exam

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Revision Dos and Don’ts

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  1. Revision Dos and Don’ts • DO plan your revision on a calendar so you cover everything, Don’t panic-cram! • DO practice 40 minute essays and hand them in, DON’T hope they’ll come together in the exam • DO reduce your notes down, ideally by the day of your exam you should have a checklist of prompting words, DON’T try to memorise masses of information • DO revise actively and take notes –DON’T just read the book and hope you’ll remember it • DO use the website to check powerpoints, ask each other questions and find information, use the small books and the revision notes, DON’T rely solely on your notes • DO email me on k.dennis@wcsch.com any questions or come and find me, DON’T panic silently!

  2. Revision Checklist Tick off these topics as you have revised them… • Scramble for Africa • Why Africa • Livingstone • Egypt and the Sudan • Berlin West Africa Conference • South Africa – Rhodes, Zulu Wars and Boer Wars • Public attitudes • Political attitudes • Decolonisation of Africa • Causes – economic, WWII, superpowers, Suez • Public attitudes • Political attitudes • African Nationalism • Orderly and disorderly decolonisation • Rhodesia

  3. Colonisation - Key figures you should know • Livingstone • Disraeli • Gladstone • Chamberlain • Bismark • Wolesley • King Leopold • Goldie • Salisbury • Gordon • Kitchener • Milner • Kruger • Shepstone • Frere • Mahdi • Cetshwayo Historians – Darwin and Robinson & Gallagher

  4. Colonisation - Key vocabulary you should know and give an example of • Jingoism • Hindered • Politician (don’t think this is obvious!) • British Commissioner • British Commander • Metropole • Periphery • Accommodation • Resistance • Man on the Spot • Treaty • Direct rule • Indirect rule • Settler colonies • Non-settler colonies

  5. Colonisation - Key events you should know about • Malaria and Quinine • Livingstone’s discoveries • Economic factors • Sale of Suez • First colonial invasion • Colonisation of Egypt (and how that affected the Sudan) • Mahdist war • Colonisation of Sudan • Causes of Berlin Conference • Decisions and impact of Berlin Conference • Role of Rhodes • Causes and events of the Zulu War • Causes, events and impact of first Boer War • Causes, events and impact of second Boer War • Range of public attitudes – Jingoism, second Boer War, industrialists • Range of political attitudes – Disraeli, Gladstone, Salisbury, Chamberlain • Examples of imperial rivalry – with Germany and France in particular

  6. Colonisation – Key questions you should be able to answer in detail What was the history of the European and African relationship? What was Livingstone’s impact? What were the economic causes of the colonisation of Africa? How did imperial rivalry cause the colonisation of Africa? How was Egypt colonised? Why was Egypt colonised? How was the Sudan colonised? Why was the Sudan colonised? What caused the Berlin West Africa Conference? What were the key decisions and impacts of the Berlin West Africa Conference? What was the history of Britain in South Africa? What was the role and impact of Rhodes? What caused the Zulu War and what were its main events? What caused the first Boer War, what were its main events, and what resulted from it? What caused the second Boer War, what were its main events, and what resulted from it? How did political attitudes change over time – did they change? What variety of political attitudes were there? How did public attitudes change over time – did they change? What variety of public attitudes were there?

  7. Decolonisation - Key figures you should know Ernest Bevin David Bevan Harold Macmillan Gamal Nasser Kwame Nkrumah DawdaJawara Kamuzu Banda Nelson Mandela Ian Macleod Ian Smith Robert Mugabe Joshua Nkomo Jomo Kenyatta Idi Amin UN Commonwealth Margaret Thatcher Ronald Reagan Andrew Cohen Historians: Darwin vs. Cain and Hopkins pointed out that the British were trying to create an economic empire in order to maintain its international position well after 1945

  8. Decolonisation - Key events you should know about • WWII – India, Singapore, hypocritical aspect • Suez Crisis • NHS and welfare state • Post-war triumph • Second-colonial invasion • Public attitudes – pro and con • Political attitudes – pro and con • Independence of Ghana • Mau Mau • Independence of Kenya • Independence of the Gambia • Orderly colonisation – Ghana, Uganda (ish) and Kenya (ish) • Disorderly colonisation – Nigeria and Uganda (ish) and Kenya (ish) • Founding of the CAF • Dissolution of the CAF • UDI of Rhodesia • Rhodesia becoming Zimbabwe • Events in South Africa (in brief) • Winds of Change speech – causes, message and consequences • Audit of Empire

  9. Decolonisation - Key terms you should know • Orderly and disorderly • African nationalism • Imagined communities • International place • Cold War • Resistance • Accommodation • Settler colonies • Non-settler colonies • Metropole and Periphery • Causation • Colony and dominion • Post-colonialism • Trade embargo • Economic sanctions • Structural Adjustment Plan

  10. Decolonisation – Key questions you should be able to answer in detail • Was decolonisation inevitable? • Was decolonisation carried out for economic reasons? • Was decolonisation carried out due to international pressure? • What was the impact of the Suez Crisis? • Did the public support or criticise decolonisation? (+ over time) • Did politicians support or resist decolonisation? (+ over time) • How and why did decolonisation occur in Ghana? • How and why did decolonisation occur in the Gambia? • How and why did decolonisation occur in Kenya? • Examples of orderly colonisation • Examples of disorderly colonisation • Why was the CAF founded? • Why did the CAF dissolve? • Why did Rhodesia declare its UDI? • Why did Rhodesia become Zimbabwe? Why did it take so long? • Why did South Africa maintain apartheid for so long?

  11. Past Exam Questions June 2012 C6 – Britain and the Scramble for Africa, c1875–1914 EITHER 11 How far do you agree that the extension of British control along the Nile Valley and in east Africa in the years c1875–98 was motivated mainly by economic concerns? (Total for Question 11 = 30 marks) OR 12 How far do you agree that the protection of Uitlander rights in the Boer republics was the trigger rather than the fundamental cause of the Second Boer War in 1899? (Total for Question 12 = 30 marks) C7 – Retreat from Empire: Decolonisation in Africa, c1957–81 EITHER 13 How far does Macmillan’s ‘audit of empire’ explain the speeding up of the British decolonisation process in Africa in the years 1957–65? (Total for Question 13 = 30 marks) OR 14 How far do you agree that Rhodesian white minority rule was able to last so long primarily because of divisions amongst African nationalists? (Total for Question 14 = 30 marks) Jan 2012 C6 – Britain and the Scramble for Africa, c1875–1914 EITHER 11 How far do you agree that expansion in Africa in the years c1875–1914 was primarily motivated by the need to protect British interests from imperial rivals? (Total for Question 11 = 30 marks) OR 12 To what extent was the development of the Empire in Africa in the years c1875–1914 driven by popular support in Britain? (Total for Question 12 = 30 marks) C7 – Retreat from Empire: Decolonisation in Africa, c1957–81 EITHER 13 How far do you agree that the growth of African nationalism was fuelled mainly by Ghana’s success in gaining independence? (Total for Question 13 = 30 marks) OR 14 How far do you agree that the main reason for British decolonisation in Africa from 1957 was the changing attitude of the British public towards Empire? (Total for Question 14 = 30 marks) June 2011 C6 – Britain and the Scramble for Africa, c1875–1914 EITHER 11 How far do you agree that British territorial expansion in Africa in the years c1875–1914 was primarily due to economic factors? (Total for Question 11 = 30 marks) OR 12 How accurate is it to say that attitudes within Britain towards the expansion of the African empire became less positive during the years c1875–1914? (Total for Question 12 = 30 marks) C7 – Retreat from Empire: Decolonisation in Africa, c1957–81 EITHER 13 How significant was the impact of the Suez Crisis in the decision to grant African colonies independence in the years 1957–65? (Total for Question 13 = 30 marks) OR 14 How accurate is it to say that the transition to independence led to increased political instability in east and west Africa in the 1960s and 1970s? (Total for Question 14 = 30 marks) Jan 2011 C6 – Britain and the Scramble for Africa, c1875–1914 EITHER 11 To what extent did the Berlin West Africa Conference speed up the formal establishment of British colonies in Africa in the years after 1885? (Total for Question 11 = 30 marks) OR

  12. Past Exam Questions EITHER 13 How accurate is it to say that the declining influence of Britain in world affairs was the primary reason for the decolonisation of the African empire in the years 1957–65? (Total for Question 13 = 30 marks) OR 14 To what extent was South Africa’s withdrawal of support responsible for the Rhodesian government’s decision to negotiate black majority rule in the years 1976–80? (Total for Question 14 = 30 marks) Jan 2010 C6 – Britain and the Scramble for Africa, c1875–1914 EITHER 11 To what extent did attitudes in Britain towards the African Empire become increasingly ‘jingoistic’ in the years c1875–1914? (Total for Question 11 = 30 marks) OR 12 How accurate is it to suggest that men-on-the-spot were primarily responsible for the expansion of the African Empire in the years c1875–1914? (Total for Question 12 = 30 marks) C7 – Retreat from Empire: Decolonisation in Africa, c1957–81 EITHER 13 How far did the growth of African independence movements speed up the process of decolonisation c1957–65? (Total for Question 13 = 30 marks) OR 14 How far do you agree that decolonisation was more orderly in west Africa than in east Africa? (Total for Question 14 = 30 marks) June 2009 C6 – Britain and the Scramble for Africa, c1875–1914 EITHER 11 How far do you agree that the British wish to seize control of the Boer Republic’s raw materials was the main reason for the outbreak of the Second Boer War in 1899? (Total for Question 11 = 30 marks) OR 12 How far did attitudes towards Empire change in Britain in the years 1875–1914? (Total for Question 12 = 30 marks) C7 – Retreat from Empire: Decolonisation in Africa, c1957–81 EITHER 13 Do you agree that the British decision to give independence to colonies in Africa in the years 1957–65 was primarily due to the influence of African independence movements? (Total for Question 13 = 30 marks) OR 14 How far did the process of decolonisation of British colonies in east and west Africa lead to political instability in the newly independent countries in the 1960s and 1970s? (Total for Question 14 = 30 marks) Jan 2009 C6 – Britain and the Scramble for Africa, c1875–1914 EITHER 11 To what extent was the extension of British control along the Nile Valley and within east Africa in the years 1882–98 motivated by a determination to limit the territory gained by its imperial rivals? (Total for Question 11 = 30 marks) OR 12 How far did the Second Boer War (1899–1902) result in changes in British attitudes to Empire? (Total for Question 12 = 30 marks) C7 – Retreat from Empire: Decolonisation in Africa, c1957–1981 EITHER 13 How far do you agree that British economic weakness was the main reason for the granting of independence to British colonies in Africa in the years 1957–65? (Total for Question 13 = 30 marks) OR 14 How far do you agree that white minority rule persisted in Southern Rhodesia in the years to 1980 mainly because of the influence of the apartheid regime in South Africa? (Total for Question 14 = 30 marks)

  13. Past Exam Questions • Was the ‘Christianisation’ of Africa the most important motivation for the colonisation of Africa? • Was Africa colonised due to the power of the media? • Did Livingstone’s influence lead to the British colonisation of Africa? • Was the colonisation of East Africa due to events beyond British control? • Was the ‘civilisation’ of Africans a reason or justification of the colonisation of Africa? • To what extent did Africans resist colonisation? • Did East Africa resist British colonisation effectively? • Was the colonisation of East Africa primarily due to measures from the metropole or events in the periphery? • Did the Berlin West Africa Conference have a great impact? • Did the Berlin West Africa conference determine the British colonisation of Africa? • Were the Boer Wars primarily caused by imperial rivalry? • Were the Boer Wars primarily caused by the Boers? • Did the Boer Wars really change opinions of colonisation in Britain? 12 How accurate is it to say that British military setbacks in southern Africa in the years 1879–1902 were mainly caused by the underestimation of the strength of the opposition? (Total for Question 12 = 30 marks) C7 – Retreat from Empire: Decolonisation in Africa, c1957–81 EITHER 13 How far do you agree that the presence of white settlers was the most important influence on the speed with which independence was gained by African colonies in the years 1957–80? (Total for Question 13 = 30 marks) OR 14 How far do you agree that the changing attitudes of the British government towards independence was the main reason for the growth of African nationalism from the late 1950s? (Total for Question 14 = 30 marks) June 2010 C6 – Britain and the Scramble for Africa, c1875–1914 EITHER 11 Why did Egypt and the Nile Valley increasingly come under formal British control in the years 1875–99? (Total for Question 11 = 30 marks) OR 12 How accurate is it to say that involvement in the Second Boer War (1899–1902) promoted British pride in the Empire? (Total for Question 12 = 30 marks) C7 – Retreat from Empire: Decolonisation in Africa, c1957–81

  14. Notes page: make notes on this with key things you need to remember the day before the exam. Only stay on this page.

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