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History of Computers

History of Computers. Timeline Presented by: Amanda and Andy. Earliest forms . 300 B.C.: The abacus is believed to have been the earliest known calculating device. AD 1625: The Slide rule was able to perform mathematical calculations.

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History of Computers

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  1. History of Computers Timeline Presented by: Amanda and Andy

  2. Earliest forms • 300 B.C.: The abacus is believed to have been the earliest known calculating device. • AD 1625: The Slide rule was able to perform mathematical calculations. • AD 1642: The Pascaline was used by; rotating the gears, the user could perform basic mathematical operations.

  3. The 1800’s • 1801: Joseph-Marie Jacquard invents an automatic weaving loom that reads instructions from punched cards. • 1830: The Analytical Engine, is considered to be a computer in the modern sense of the word. (created by; Charles Babbage) • 1833: Augusta Ada Lovelace is generally recognized as the world’s first computer programmer. • 1890: The Tabulating machine which could automatically read census information punched onto cards.

  4. The 1900’s • 1941: The Z3, was the world’s first fully functional, programmed-controlled computer. • 1942: Atanasoff-Berry Computer was not designed for general- purpose processing. • 1943: The Colossus , a computer used by the British to crack German codes during World War II. • 1944: The Mark I, which data was stored electronically inside the device with the use of electromagnetic rays. • 1945: Dr. John von Neumann describes the stored program concepts. (written)

  5. Continued.. • 1946: The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC), which was used by the U.S government for a variety of computing tasks. • 1947: The Transistor would lead to the development of smaller and faster computers. • 1951: The Universal Automatic Computeris the first commercial computer produced in the United States. • 1953: IBM introduced its new model 650 computer.

  6. Continued…. • 1956: IBM’s 305 RAMAC, was the first computer to use magnetic disk storage • 1957: John Backus at IBM introduces an efficient and easy-to-use programming language, called FORTRAN (Formula Translation) • 1957: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik I, the first orbiting satellite. • 1958: Jack Kilby invents the integrated circuit. (later would be used for larger storage capacity)

  7. The 1960’s • 1960: Grace Hopper, helped develop Common Business-Oriented Language. • 1965: John Kemeny helped develop the basic programming language. • 1969: The United States Defense Advanced Research Agency (ARPA) establishes ARPLANET, wide area linking colleges. • 1970: The powerful UNLX operating system is developed at Bell Laboratories. • 1970: A new generation of computers emerged.

  8. 1970’s part 1 • 1971: Ted Hoff develops the Intel 4004 microprocessor. • 1971: A team of IBM engineers introduced the first 8-inch memory disk. • 1971: Cray research finder, introduces the Cray-1, worlds first super computer. (can process complex applications)

  9. 1970’s part 2 • 1972: Hewlett-Packard introduces a series of scientific pocket calculators. • 1972: The C programming language is developed at Bell Laboratories. • 1973: Xerox’s Palo Alto research center develops the Alto computer.

  10. Continued… • 1975: Dr. Robert Metcalf develops Ethernet. (The first local network) • 1976-1977: (1976) Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, built the first apple computer., the following year Apple introduced the Apple II personal computer, capable of displaying texts and graphics. • 1978: VisiCalc, for the Apple II computer, Daniel Bricklin and Bob Frankston Developed this.

  11. 1980’s part 1 • 1980: MSDOS was developed, bill gates accepted the offer IBM made. • 1980: Sony Electronics introduces the 3.5-inch floppy disk and disk drive. • 1981: IBM introduces the IBM PC • 1981: The first computer virus, called ELK Cloner, this affected the Apple II spreadsheet.

  12. 1980’s part 2 • 1982: 80286 microprocessor was introduced by Intel Corporation. • 1982: Time magazine names the computer “man of the year” • 1982: Compaq Computer Corporation is founded.

  13. Continued…. • 1983: Lotus Development Corporation is founded by partners Mitch Kapor, and Jonathon Sachs. • 1983: Microsoft announces Microsoft windows. • 1984: first Macintosh computer is introduced by Apple. • 1985: 386 microprocessor was introduced by Intel Corporation. • 1985: The first CD-ROM players became available.

  14. Continued.. • 1986: Microsoft Corporation has its initial public offering (IPO) of its stock. • 1988: Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is developed. • 1989: The World, (first internet service provider) appears and begins offering dial up service. • 1989: 486 microprocessor is introduced by Intel Corporation.

  15. 1990’s • 1990: Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web (WWW), he also invents and introduces the first browser. • 1993: Mosaic, the first web browser, is released. • 1993: Apple Computer, is one of the first companies to offer Personal Digital Assistants, (PDA) introduces Newton Message pad.

  16. Continued… • 1994: Netscape Communications Corporation is founded by Jim Clark and Marc Andreesen. • 1994: Linux kernel is created by Linus Torvalds. • 1995: Microsoft releases Internet Explorer browser. • 1995: James Gosling introduces JAVA. • 1995: Microsoft introduces Windows ‘95.

  17. 1996 • 1996: Internet2 is launched, an advanced network that enables instructions. • 1996: one/ third of the U.S. homes now have a personal computer, two/ thirds of the U.S employees have access to a computer. • 1996: Microsoft releases windows upgrade, Windows NT 4.0 • 1996: WebTV is introduced

  18. 1997 • 1997: Manufactures begin selling DVD players. • 1997: More than 50 million people use the internet and web. • 1997: Pentium II microprocessor containing 7.5 million transistors are introduced by Intel Corporation.

  19. 1998 • 1998: Microsoft begins shipping windows ‘98. • 1998: The IMAC is introduced by Apple and is now being sold.

  20. 1999 • 1999: PALM releases its first handheld PC, PALM VII. • 1999: The Blackberry, was introduced • 1999: people are concerned about the new millennium coming and the old computers not being able to use. • 1999: Microsoft begins shipping WINDOWS 2000.

  21. Continued… • 2002: A variety of technologies are now able to be used on Windows XP • 2003: Microsoft launches office 2003. • 2003: Apple introduces the IPOD, online music business. • 2003: The Recording Industry association of America (RIAA) seeking to protect its music-producing members.

  22. New Millennium • 2000: Intel introduces Pentium 4 • 2000: USB ports, are introduced. • 2001: Intel Corporations and Hewlett-Packed jointly produce a 64-bit microprocessor, called Itanium. • 2001: Microsoft introduces Microsoft XP

  23. 2004-2005 • 2004: IBM launches the worlds fastest supercomputer, called Blue Gene/L. • 2004: More than 69 million U.S now use broadband connections. • 2005: Smartphone's have become the most widely used device. • 2005: Mozilla creates the Firefox browser and claims 10% of the market.

  24. Now… • 2006: For the first six months of 2006 the retail sales have exceeded 51 billion dollars. • 2006: Many cities and businesses begin offering citizens and customers economical broadband connectivity to the internet. • 2007: Microsoft introduces Windows vista. • 2007: now online users spend about 14 hours a week on the internet.

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