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Motion Capture Technologies: An Overview of Traditional and Modern Techniques

This document explores various motion capture (MoCap) technologies, detailing both traditional methods like optical, magnetic, and electro-mechanical systems, and newer innovations such as inertial systems and markerless tracking. It highlights the importance of using discernible markers for tracking human movements and discusses image processing techniques involved in reconstructing 3D markers and joint positions. The paper presents a comprehensive view of how these technologies are advancing performance capture in animation and real-time applications.

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Motion Capture Technologies: An Overview of Traditional and Modern Techniques

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  1. Computer AnimationAlgorithms and Techniques Motion Capture

  2. MoCap Technologies Instrument the talent to facilitate tracking feature points on the human figure Need some kind of sense-able markers from which positional and possibly rotational status can be recorded

  3. “Traditional” MoCap Technologies • Optical – uses video capture • passive – markers just reflect light • active – markers emit light • Magnetic – markers sense their status in magnetic field • Electro-Mechanical – rotors connected to limb-aligned rods record their status – for hands, optical sensors used sometimes

  4. Optical - Active PhoeniX Technologies www.ptiphoenix.com

  5. Magnetic Ascention technology http://www.ascension-tech.com/

  6. Electro-Mechanical MetaMotion www.metamotion.com/metamotion.htm

  7. Newer MoCap Technologies • Inertial systems (similar to Wii technology) • Make-up • Semi-passive imperceptible markers • Markerless systems

  8. Inertial Moven www.moven.com/en/home_moven.php

  9. Make-up Mova www.mova.com/

  10. Lighting- aware SIGGRAPH 2007 paper http://www.merl.com/people/raskar/LumiNetra/

  11. Markerless Organic Motion www.organicmotion.com/ Image Metrics (facial) www.image-metrics.com/

  12. Passive Optical – most common (?)

  13. Motion capture lab Multiple markers - e.g., 20-40 Multiple cameras - e.g., 8-14 high-res, high-speed Constrained, conditioned space - 20x20 non-reflective Multiple lights - synced w/ cameras Vicon http://www.vicon.com/applications/animation.html

  14. Processing the Images • PROCESSING STEPS • Extract markers from video • Track markers over time in video • Marker cleanup • 3D marker position reconstruction • Joint position reconstruction • Joint angle reconstruction

  15. Extract markers from video • Basic image processing aided by constrained environment: • High contrast markers • Special illumination • Non-reflective environment

  16. Marker tracking Given frames each with recognized markers Associate markers over multiple frames • Temporal coherence using: • Position • Frame rate • Velocity

  17. Marker Clean-up

  18. 3D – image plane projection Projecting marker onto image plane

  19. Camera calibration Project known 3-space points to camera’s image Six degrees of freedom - use that many known point-pairs

  20. Projecting from 2D image out to 3-space

  21. Reconstructing a 3D marker

  22. Fitting to the skeleton Locate joints relative to markers Markers Joint

  23. Reconstructing angles

  24. Mocap output See sample files http://accad.osu.edu/research/mocap/mocap_data.htm http://mocap.cs.cmu.edu/ See sample files linked to at class website

  25. Manipulating the mocap data Frequency deconstruction & manipulation Transitioning between two motions – Blending How to map a motion onto a figure with different geometry - Retargeting Finding motion clips to create behavior – motion graphs

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