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Chapters 22 and 23

Chapters 22 and 23. 3 rd conjugation – future tense Formation of Adverbs Ablative of Accompaniment. Learning Targets. Gain awareness and understanding of the future tense for 3 rd conjugation 3 rd and 4 th conjugation verbs have a different pattern from 1 st and 2 nd conjugation

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Chapters 22 and 23

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  1. Chapters 22 and 23 3rd conjugation – future tense Formation of Adverbs Ablative of Accompaniment

  2. Learning Targets • Gain awareness and understanding of the future tense for 3rd conjugation • 3rd and 4th conjugation verbs have a different pattern from 1st and 2nd conjugation • Learn how adverbs are formed in Latin. • Understand how the ablative of accompaniment differs from the ablative of means, as well as how to use the ablative of accompaniment.

  3. Future Tense in 1st and 2nd Conjugation • How is future tense shown in 1st and 2nd conjugation? What is the ‘sign’ that is added to the stem of a word?

  4. Future Tense in 3rd Conjugation • In 3rd conjugation, the –bi- tense sign is NOT used. • The sign for future tense in the 3rd conjugation is ē in place of the stem vowel. • Exceptions • 1st person singular uses (short) a and ends with m (-am) • 3rd person (sing. and plural) have a SHORT e as the ‘sign’

  5. 3rd Conjugation - Future • ponam ponēmus • ponēs ponētis • ponet ponent • N.B (note bene – ‘good note’) • Be CAREFUL – it can be easy to confuse the future tense of the 3rd conjugation with the present tense of 2nd conjugation – they look a lot alike. • You MUST know to which conjugation a verb belongs. Present tense (for comparison) Pono ponimus Ponis ponitis ponit ponunt

  6. 3rd conjugation – futureponam ponēmusponēs ponētisponet ponent Compare to Present Tense of 2nd conjugation Doceō docēmus Docēs docētis Docet decent

  7. Latin Notebook – 22 and 23 • Make your notebook pages with vocabulary section and grammar notes • KNOW your vocabulary words WELL!!!!! Add words to your “Words I Need to Study List” • Make Flashcards and USE THEM • Create a “Grammar Concepts I Need to Know” List – build questions from this list!

  8. Adjectives • Are used to modify ___________? • What is the adjective rule in Latin? • Adverbs • Are used to modify ___________?

  9. Chapter 23 – Forming Adverbs • Adverbs are formed from 1st and 2nd declension adjectives by adding ē to the base. How would you get the base of an adjective? • clarus, clara, clarum clarē • liber, libera, liberum liberē • pulcher, pulchra, pulchrē pulchrum

  10. Review - Ablative of Means • Ablative of Means – Is used to show what you use to accomplish something • Litteris victoriam nuntiant. • By means of letter, by letter, or with letter • Armis pugnaverunt. • With arms, by means of arms • Does one form (by, by means of, or with) ‘fit’ one sentence better than another?

  11. Accompaniment • What does accompaniment mean? • She went to the audition, accompanied by her mother. • He traveled to Britain, accompanied by his older brother.

  12. Ablative of Accompaniment • When you want to express the idea of accompaniment (someone doing something along with you), you use the ablative case for the noun which is accompanying, along with the preposition ‘cum’ • Cum servis pugnat – he is fighting with the slaves. • This use of the ablative of accompaniment ALWAYS involves a person!

  13. Vocabulary-22 • Dea, -ae (f) goddess • Deus, -i (m) god • Otium, oti (n) leisure, peace • Studium, -i (n) eagerness,interest; pl.= studies Commodus, -a, -um suitable, convenient Varius, -a, -um changing, various Dico, dicere, dixi, dictus say, tell (sing. imper. Is irregular – dic Fugio, fugere, fugi, fugiturus flee, run away Valeo, valēre, valui, valiturus be strong or well Ita so

  14. Vocabulary – Ch. 23 • Firmus, -a, -um strong, firm • Perpetuus, -a, -um constant • Afficio, afficere, affeci, affectus affect, afflict with • Gero, gerere, gessi, gestus carry on, wage • Incipio, incipere, incēpi, inceptus – take on, begin • Cum (+ abl) with

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