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NERVOUS SYSTEM

Explore the intricate structures of neurons, the brain, and spinal cord. Learn about nerve cell functions, brain regions, and spinal cord segments while uncovering the key components of the nervous system.

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NERVOUS SYSTEM

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  1. NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE

  2. NEURONpg. 148 figure 8-1 • Nerve cell; specially constructed to carry out it’s function • Transmitting a message from one cell to the next • Extensions from the neuron are: • Dendrite – may have several • Axon – only one per cell • Myelin sheath (neurilemma) • Covering over the axon which speeds up the nerve impulse as it travels along the axon

  3. BRAINpg. 153 figure 8-5 and 155 figure 8-7 • Weighs 3 lbs. • Coverings • Meninges – membranous coverings • Cerebral cortex – outer cortex; gray matter • Highest center of reasoning and intellect • Ventricles • 4 lined cavities filled with CSF • Cerebrum • a. Convolutions and sulci • b. Lobes • i. Frontal • ii. Parietal • iii. Occipital • iv. Temporal

  4. Brain continuedpg. 156 figure 8-8, 158 figure 8-10, and 160 figure 8-11 • Cerebellum • Located behind the pons and below the cerebrum • Diencephalon – located b/t the cerebrum and midbrain • a. Thalamus • b. Hypothalamus • Brain stem – provides the pathway for the ascending and descending tracts • a. Midbrain • b. Pons • c. Medulla oblongata

  5. SPINAL CORDpg. 161 figure 8-12 • Continues down from the brain • Begins at the foramen magnum of the occipital bone and continues to the second lumbar vertebra • White and soft and lies within the _________ • Made up of 31 segments • Then pair of spinal nerves • Protected by 3 layers of meninges • CSF fluid circulates over the cord

  6. NERVESchap 9 tables 9-1 9-2 and figures 9-3 and 9-4 • Cranial nerves • 12 pairs beginning in the brain • Mainly deal with functions of the head and neck • Except vagus nerve (X) – responsible for ___ (pg. 175) • Designated by name and number • Name can give a clue to function • Spinal nerves • 31 pairs originating at the spinal cord • Exit through openings in the vertebrae • Named according to region and level they exit • Largest is the sciatic nerve

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