Wilmot’s GENETICS

1. Wilmot’sGENETICS

2. Gregor Mendel Who is the “Father of Genetics”? When 2 alleles DON’T BLEND but BOTH SHOW TOGETHER like in A B blood type, it is called _______________ Codominance incomplete dominance codominance

3. heredity Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called ___________________. _____________ is the study of how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. Genetics

4. RECESSIVE __________________ = An allelethat IS MASKED BY the presence of another allele The appearance of an organism is its _____________ phenotype

5. hybrid Another name for heterozygous The diagram at the right is called a _____________ Punnett square

6. DOMINANT __________________ = An allele that MASKS the presence of another allele Red and white flowers producingpink offspring is an example of _______________________ Codominance incomplete dominance Incomplete dominance

7. lower case A recessive gene is represented by a _________________ letter. What phenotypic ratio would youexpect to see in offspring from a monohybrid cross of 2 heterozygous parents? 3:1 Dominant:recessive

8. ALLELES _______________ are different gene choices for a trait.

9. capital A dominant gene is represented by a ____________ letter.(usually the first letter of the trait) When a heterozygous individual shows a blending of 2 alleles instead of one being dominant over the other it is called ___________ ____________. Incomplete dominance

10. HOMOZYGOUS PURE When both alleles in the pair are the SAME the organism is _______________ or __________ What phenotype ratio is a clue that there has been a dihybrid cross between 2 heterozygous parents? 9:3:3:1

11. Red An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT. R = red flowers r = white flowers pink An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT. BOTH red & white An Rr organism would have ______________ flowers if this trait was CODOMINANT.

12. Law of SegregationLaw of Independent Assortment What are Mendel’s 2 laws of heredity? The offspring of the P1 generation are called the ____ generation F1

13. flower color in Four o’clocks Give an example of a trait that shows incomplete dominance TRUE or FALSEA person with Type O blood could be a blood donor for a person with Type AB blood. True; Type O is the universal donor

14. HETEROZYGOUS HYBRID When both alleles in the pair are DIFFERENT the organism is _________________ or _____________ A cross that involves only 1 trait is called a ____________ cross. monohyrid

15. T = Tall t = short The genotype of the offspring from the cross at the right is _________. Their phenotype is _________. Tt tall

16. Which of the following genotypes is homozygous? TT Ww Bb rr mm BB Tt TT rr mm BB Another name for homozygous is ________. pure

17. Which of these Punnett squares would you use to predict the offspring of a DIHYBRID cross? This one!

18. red In the cross at the right __________ is dominant for flower color. Which of the following genotypes is from a heterozygous organism? Tt SS bb Mm Rr kk Tt Mm Rr

19. DNA A gene is a segment of _______ that codes for a trait. The Law of Segregation and theLaw of Independent Assortmentare the result of the movement of chromosomes during ___________ mitosis meiosis meiosis

20. dihybrid The Punnett square below shows a ___________ cross. homozygous monohybrid dihybrid test

21. Crossing a red haired horse with a white haired horse produces a roan colored horse. (Both alleles for hair color show together). This kind of inheritance is called ___________________ Co-dominance

22. Homozygous recessive What type of genotype is used to make a test cross? What type of gametes can this organism produce? BbTt ______ ______ _______ _______ BT bt bT Bt

23. In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). If a black Guinea pig is crossed with a brownGuinea pig and the litter contains a brown baby, the genotype of the black parent is probably BB Bb bb Bb; Must have one B to be black must have one b to pass on to baby

24. Which of these Punnett squares would you use to predict the offspring of a MONOHYBRID cross? This one!

25. F1 Crossing individuals from the P1 generation produces the ____ generation. A gene is a segment of ______. DNA PROTEIN RNA CARBOHYDRATE DNA

26. Blue An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT. L = Blue legs l = yellow legs green An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT. BOTH Blue & yellow An Rr organism would have ______________ legs if this trait was CODOMINANT.

27. F2 Crossing individuals from the F1 generation produces the ____ generation. A person with this type of blood could DONATE to Type __________blood A or AB

28. In a monohybrid cross of two HETEROZYGOUS parents (Pp), you would expect the offspring to be: 1 pp:3 PP 3 Pp:1 pp 1 PP:2 Pp:1 pp all Pp 1 PP:2 Pp:1 pp

29. Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person with Type AB blood. This person could give blood to an individual with type ________ blood. This blood type is called the universal _________________. AB RECIPIENT

30. Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person with Type O blood. No change. There are NO A, B, or O proteins on the surface of a type O cell. This blood type is called the universal _________________. DONOR

31. Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person with Type A blood. This person could give blood to an individual with type __________ blood A or AB

32. Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person with Type B blood. This person could give blood to an individual with type __________ blood B or AB

33. Rh (positive and negative) Name another blood type you learned about besides the A,B,O system. Tell the molecule found on the surface of cells which helps cells recognize “self” and provides blood types glycoproteins

34. G g The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Heterozygous G g If G is dominant for green pods and g is recessive for yellow pods, what percentage of the offspring will have green pods? _______% 75

35. The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ bb The offspring in the blue box is homozygous heterozygous homozygous

36. In guinea pigs black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). The Punnett square for a cross between a HETEROZYGOUS black guinea pig and a PURE brown guinea pig would look like This is the Correct setup Heterozygous = Bb Pure brown = bb homozygous Another name for pure is _________________

37. The alleles for blood type show 2 kinds of inheritance.. The following statements are TRUE or FALSE? F A & B are codominant A is dominant over B. O is dominant over A. A is dominant over O. B and A are co-dominant A is incompletely dominant over O. O is recessive to A and to B F O is recessive to both A & B T T F T

38. X y An organism has the genotype Xy. What are the possible sperm it can produce? ____________ THINK ABOUT IT: If females have an XX genotype and can only give X genes, which parent is the one that determines whether the baby is a boy or girl? Father ; The mother always gives an X If the father gives a y, it’s a boy. If the father gives an X; it’s a girl.

39. If you cross a homozygous RED flowered four o’clock plant with a homozygous WHITE flowered plant, ALL of the offspring produced have PINK flowers. This type of inheritance in which the heterozygote (Rr) shows a blending of traits is called __________. A. Dominant/recessive inheritance B. Co-dominance C. Incomplete dominance Incomplete dominance

40. R r • r • r Red throats (R) are dominant over white (r) throats in Goonie birds. Make a cross between a PURE RECESSIVE and a HETEROZYGOUS Goonie bird. Rr rr Rr rr What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) 50% red throats 50% white throats

41. B b B b Black eyes (B) are dominant over red eyes (b) in rats. Make a cross between two HETEROZYGOUS rats. BB Bb Bb bb What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) 75 % black eyes 25% red eyes

42. The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous If W is dominant for long wings and w is recessive for short wings, what percentage of these offspring will have short wings? _______% 0% only ww makes it short

43. Gregor Mendel Who is the “Father of Genetics”? Which of the following genotypes could be from a HETEROZYGOUS organism? TT Rr Ww bb XX Ss RrWwSs

44. What kind of cross is this? Pure dominant X pure recessive Heterozygous X heterozygous Heterozygous X homozygous Hybrid recessive X hybrid pure Heterozygous X Homozygous hybrid Another name for heterozygous is _______________

45. In Reebops curly tails (T) are dominant over straight tails (t). Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT and a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE Reebop. T T t t Tt Tt Tt Tt What is the probability the offspring will have straight tails? 0% All will be Curly tailed (Tt)

46. What type of gametes can this organism produce? BbTt ______ ______ _______ _______ BT bt bT Bt What type of gametes can this organism produce? BBTT ______ ______ _______ _______ BT BT BT BT

47. TtRr X TtRr TTRR TTRr TtRR TtRr TTRr TTrr TtRr Ttrr TtRR TtRr ttRR ttRr TtRr Ttrr ttRr ttrr Tall = T short = t R= round r=wrinkled seeds seeds

48. 9:3:3:1 This is an example of a DIHYBRID cross. Which pattern of phenotypes will be seen in the offspring? How many offspring will be Short AND Round? ______ Short AND wrinkled? ______ 3/16 Recessive and dominant 1/16 Recessive and recessive HINT:9- dominant for both3- recessive and dominant 3- dominant and recessive 1- recessive and recessive

49. F2 What do we call the offspring of the F1 generation? Which of the following genotypes could be from a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE organism? TT bb Rr Ww tt XX aa bb tt aa

50. The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ homozygous heterozygous heterozygous How many of the offspring from this cross will show the dominant characteristic? ¾ (75%) – AA and Aa